1. The Rise of Absolute Monarchs (part I)
Spain, France, and Russia are dominated by a single ruler.

2. Learning Objectives Describe the Spanish Empire under Phillip II
List the events that led to the decline of the Spanish Empire
Explain the origins of the absolute Monarchy
Summarize the political progression in France that led to Louis VIV’s reign
Analyze the effects of Louis IV’s policies and lifestyle
Explain how Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state
Characterize the differences between Russia and western Europe
Summarize Peter the Great’s reforms and their impact on Russia

4. Absolutism
Absolutism-Divine Right of Kings to rule every aspect of his empire’s affairs
Causes:
Decline of Feudalism
Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty
Growth of armies provided power and need for taxes
Heavy taxes led to more unrest and revolt
National kingdoms with central authority
Crisis leads to absolutism!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

5. The Spanish Empire
Charles V(HRE) is grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
Ruled Spain, parts of Italy, and Austria
Gave up his throne
Has 2 sons, Phillip II and Ferdinand
Philip II becomes King of Spain and other possessions
Defender of Catholic Faith
War with England and the Spanish Armada
Empire that circled the globe, colonies supplied enormous wealth, standing army of 50k, guns that could fire 10 for every 1

6. The Decline of Spanish Power
Inflation and taxes- costly wars, expulsion of Jews and Moors (merchants), no middle class
Making Spain’s enemies rich- imported most goods, Crown borrowed money for war, wealth sent away to pay debts
Dutch Independence- taxation and harsh treatment of protestants led to revolt/independence in 1579

7. France Henry II of France dies in 1559
Between ,France plagued by religious civil war
Henry of Navarre
King 1598
1st of Bourbon Dynasty
Becomes Catholic
Edict of Nantes
Assassinated 1610
Henry’s son Louis XIII crowned King

8. Cardinal Richelieu governed for Louis XIII. 2 goals for France
Increase the power of the Bourbon monarchy
Make France the strongest state in Europe
He believed France had 3 enemies: French Nobles, Huguenots, Hapsburg Army
30 Years War vs. Hapsburgs

9. Louis XIV “Sun King” ruled France
Took over during revolt by French nobles against Richelieu
Moved to forever weaken the French nobility
Excluded nobles from court
Created intendants – government officials responsible to King
Peasants tired of war/revolt
An absolute monarch: a king with unlimited power.
“L’estat c est moi”-I am the state

10. Louis builds Versailles
Louis hated Paris- built new palace
It was a royal residence and center for the French govt.
Was a visual display of Louis’s absolute power.
Hall of Mirrors

11. Not so Sunny after all… Extravagant lifestyle depletes French treasury
Revokes Edict of Nantes
Fights disastrous wars to expand French territory
France and French people broke at end of Louis’ reign
20 million people 4x England, very wealthy, highly trained army

12. Rise of Russia Ivan III “The Great” Russian noble who united Russia
Conquered large amounts of territory
Liberated Russia from Mongols
Centralized government
Increased power of central government

14. Ivan the Terrible Crowned himself Czar (Caesar) at 16 y/o
Constantly battled with Russian nobles (Boyars)
Ruled by terror- used secret police to execute anyone considered to be a traitor
The Time of Troubles- after Ivan’s son dies without heir, Boyars struggle for power

15. Peter the Great changed Russia
The Romanov dynasty begins with Michael. He is elected Czar.
Lasted from
Peter the Great comes to the throne in 1682.
His goal is to modernize Russia to be like Western Europe.
Embarked on Grand Embassy”
Russia had been cut off from Europe by Mongols! Had looked to Constantinople not Europe for relilgion and leadership, seen as visiting the great heritics, 6’4’

16. Peter’s Western Reforms
Introduced potatoes
Started 1st newspaper
Lifted restrictions on women
Made nobles dress in Western fashion
Opened schools for navigation and sciences
Forced scholars to travel to other countries to study

18. Peter expands Russia’s empire.
Peter is an absolute Monarch
Makes himself head of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Creates a large professional army.
Peter fights for a warm water port to end Russia’s isolation.
Port in the Black and Baltic Sea.
Went to war with the Turks and Swedes.
Peter builds a new capital.
St. Petersburg is built on a swamp.

19. The Rise of Absolute Monarchs (part II)
England bucks the trend: Parliament limits the Monarchy and Central European Nations Clash

20. Learning Objectives
Identify conflicts between English Rulers and Parliament
Explain the causes and results of the English Civil War
Describe the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
Analyze the changes made under William and Mary and the impact of the English Bill of Rights

21. England: a Constitutional Monarchy
English Monarchs limited by a Constitution- written rules/procedures of a government
Constitution provided for a Parliament- body of elected representatives that makes law for a nation
House of Commons and House of Lords
Parliament able to control Monarch through power of the purse
Elizabeth I leaves England with large amount of debt. Disagreements over $ lead to constant conflicts between Monarchs and Parliament

22. England: a constitutional monarchy
House of Tudor
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Edward VI
“Bloody” Mary
Elizabeth “Virgin”
House of Stuart
James
Charles
CIVIL WAR
Charles II
James II
William and Mary
Ann

23. Tudors
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Edward VI
“Bloody” Mary
Elizabeth I

24. Stuart Dynasty in England
James I
James 6th of Scotland becomes James 1 of England
Catholicism back in England
Divine Right of Kings
King James Bible
Gunpowder Plot

26. The Stuart Dynasty

27. Charles I Charles becomes king with James’ death
Parliament makes Charles sign Petition of Right
No prison without due cause
No taxation without Parliament’s approval
No quartering soldiers in private homes
No martial law during peacetime
Charles dissolves Parliament for 10 years, imposes fees on subjects for money
Law higher than king!

28. The English Civil War (1642-1649)O M W E L VS
Puritans very powerful in Parliament
Parliament passes laws to limit Kings power
Charles orders arrest of Parliament‘s leaders/London riots
Charles flees to North and creates army (Cavaliers)
Those opposed to King formed army (Roundheads)
Cromwell (Puritan) as Lord Protector

29. English Civil War (cont.)
Puritan general Oliver Cromwell turns tide in favor of Puritans
Capture King Charles in 1647
In 1649 Put the king in trial for treason

30. Oliver Cromwell -Lord Protector
Cromwell abolishes the Monarchy and the House of Lords
Established a commonwealth
Eventually becomes Military dictator
Ruled according to Puritan beliefs
Made laws outlawing dancing, theater, sporting events
Conquers Ireland

31. The Restoration

32. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] Had charm, poise, & political skills.
Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels closed during the Restoration.
Favored religious toleration.
Had secret Catholic sympathies.
Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes his father had made.

33. The Glorious Revolution
James II
Strict Catholic
Appointed Catholics to public office
Dissolved Parliament
Had a son
Fear of a Catholic line
Opponents plotted to overthrow James II
Mary- James’ older daughter and husband William of Orange; prince of the Netherlands
William and Mary’s army march on London, James flees to France
The Glorious Revolution

34. William and Mary Heroes of Protestants Limits power of Monarchy
1st Prime Minister
Signed the English Bill of Rights

35. English Bill of Rights [1689]
It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament.
It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights.
It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England.

36. English Bill of Rights [1689]
Main provisions:
The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Censorship of the press was dropped.
Religious toleration.

37. The Rise of Absolute Monarchs (part III)
Central European Nations Clash

38. Prussia and Austria Power Vacuum Austria regains HRE
Poland, Ottomans, HRE
Austria regains HRE
Charles VI creates the Pragmatic Sanction to secure his daughter a peaceful reign.
Maria Theresa succeeded her father as the Hapsburg monarch.
War of Austrian Succession

39. Hohenzollerns ruled Prussia
Prussia grows out of the small state of Brandenburg.
Capital is Berlin
Fredrick William, the Great Elector, builds a strong army and made alliances.
Devastated by 30 yrs.’ War

40. Fredrick I creates Prussia Fredrick William I & the junkers, ruthless
Fredrick II (the Great) continually build the strongest and largest army in Europe.
Tried to flee
Enlightened monarch
Their greatest enemy became the Hapsburgs.

41. Central Europe collides
Weakness of HRE
Treaty of Westphalia
Balance of Power

42. The Balance of Power game.
In order to ensure that no one country becomes too strong, countries shift alliances.
30 Years war and the Treaty of Westphalia
The War of Austrian Succession
Great Britain, Russia, Netherlands, Austria vs. Prussia and France
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
The Seven Years’ War (Fr. & Ind. War)
Great Britain, Prussia vs. Austria, France, Russia
Peace of Paris ends the war.
Teams change sides to prevent one side from becoming too strong.

43. Quiz What does Absolute power mean? Who was known as the “Sun King”?
Who intermarried with the Slavs of Russia?
What family ruled Prussia?
By what other name was the Seven Years’ War known as?