1. II. Fascism in Europe

2. A. Rise of Mussolini
Italy was upset that they did not gain more land after WWI
Also had high inflation and high unemployment
Wanted a leader who could take action

3. Benito Mussolini
Promised to rescue Italy’s economy and strengthen its army

4. B. Mussolini Takes Control
Creates Fascist Party in 1919
Fascism – Political movement that promotes nationalism, denies individual rights, and has dictators
Believes that rights and wrongs do not exist
1922 – King Emmanuel III puts Mussolini in power
Came to power legally

5. Mussolini and Hitler

6. “Pact of Steel”

7. Il Duce – Takes this title – “The leader”
Mussolini abolished democracy
Outlaws other political parties
Put all opponents in jail

8. C. Rise of Hitler
Weimar Republic – Democratic government established after WWI
Faced major problems
1 Germany lacks democratic tradition
2 Germans blamed it for signing Treaty of Versailles
3 Germany is hit hardest by depression

9. Picture of Hitler During World War I

10. Adolf Hitler

11. Born in Austria
Applies to Imperial Art Academy
Rejected for his lack of talent
Twice awarded the Iron Cross for bravery in WWI

12. 1920 – Hitler joins the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NAZI)
Der Fuhrer – “The leader”
Beer Hall Putsh (1923) – Hitler tries to take power by force

13. D. Mein Kampf Hitler is sent to prison Writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Main points become the blue print for the Nazi Party

14. Mein Kampf

15. Main Points 1 – Aryans – Were a master race
Social Darwinism – “Survival of the fittest”
Hitler used these beliefs to argue that inferior people needed to be eliminated because he claimed that they were polluting the superior race
2 – Vowed to overturn the Treaty of Versailles
3 – Lebensraum – Wanted to provide Germans with greater “living space”
4 – Wanted to eliminate Jews from German life

16. Most people ignored the book and few people read it
E. Results of Mein Kampf
Most people ignored the book and few people read it

17. F. Hitler Becomes Chancellor
1932 – Nazi Party becomes the largest political party
Weimar Republic believed that they could control Hitler
1933 – President Paul von Hindenburg named Hitler Chancellor
Hitler also came legally to power

19. Primary Source – April 8, 1933
“I can say with pride, comrades of the SA and SS, that if the whole German people now was possessed of the spirit which is in us and in you, then Germany would be indestructible. Even without arms, Germany would represent an unheard-of strength through this inner will tempered like steel.”
-Adolf Hitler

21. Nazi Rally

22. Hitler Youth

23. G. Hitler is Supreme Enabling Act (1934) – Makes Hitler’s word the law
Banned other political parties
SS – Killed many who oppose Hitler
1936 – Unemployment in Germany dropped from 6 to 1.5 million

26. World War II - American Cartoon