1. Cuts, Scrapes, and Bruises

2.  The layers of the skin  Fat  Muscle  Any time the soft tissues are damaged or torn the body is threatened.

3.  Closed Wounds: When blood and fluids seep into surrounding tissues causing the area to swell and change color.  Bruises (most do not require medical attention)  Blunt force trauma  There is internal bleeding (simple to severe)  Care: Apply direct pressure to the area Applying cold is effective in the early stages.

4.  Open Wounds: Break in the skin. The amount of bleeding depends upon the location and severity.  4 main types ▪ Abraision ▪ Laceration ▪ Avulsion ▪ Puncture  Care: Compress and Dress

5.  Abrasion: Something rough rubbing against the skin causing the skin to break and capillaries to be broken.  Laceration: Cut to the skin caused by a sharp object or a blunt force splits the skin.  Avulsions: a portion of the skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away. (all torn is an amputation)  Puncture: a pointed object piercing the skin usually they do not bleed.

6.  Signals: swelling, redness, pus, fever, ill feeling, warm area, throbbing, red streaks toward the heart.  Tetanus: a severe infection, a disease caused by bacteria that produces a powerful poison in the body.

7.  Uncontrolled Bleeding  Bleeding from an artery  Wounds that show muscle or bone  Deeply imbedded objects  Human or animal bites  If left unstitched could leave conspicuous scars

8.  Occlusive Dressing A bandage that closes the wound or damaged area and prevents it from being exposed to the air. Plastic wrap  Bandages  All are pressure  Adhesive bandages  Bandage compress  Roller bandages  Elastic roller bandages

9.  A tight band placed around an arm or leg to constrict blood vessels in order to stop blood flow to a wound.

10.  Heat (Thermal)  Chemicals  Electricity  Radiation (incl. Sun)

11.  Superficial involves the top layer of skin skin is red and dry – painful heals in about a week  Partial Thickness Involves the top layers of skin Red, painful – blisters may weep clear fluid May scar heals in about 3 – 4 weeks  Full Thickness May destroy all layers of skin May be painful or painless – charred skin Scarring likely – healing may require med. assistance

12.  Severed Body Parts  Embedded Objects  Nose, Mouth, Lip Injuries  Tooth Injuries

13.  Injuries to the Chest  Can be open or closed  Abdominal Injuries  Can be open or closed