1. World War I
AP World History

2. Causes European rivalries Nationalism Militarism Alliances
Competition over new markets & empires
Nationalism
Unification, Alsace Lorraine, Slavic issues, Balkan wars
Militarism
Glorification of war & military, conscription, increased size of armies and navies
Alliances
Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy
Triple Entente – France, Russia, and Great Britain

3. The Spark June 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary blames Serbia
Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist group
Austria-Hungary blames Serbia
Imposes severe conditions
Russia supports Serbia
Mobilizes forces and Germany declares war

4. The War Greeted with enthusiasm by many
Believed it would be a six month war
Alliance system dragged the entire continent into war
Germany invades neutral Belgium & Britain declares war
Schlieffen Plan - German plan to defeat French in six weeks & then turn and defeat the Russians
Failed with the Battle of the Marne (Paris was saved)

6. 1914-1916 Battle of Tannenberg (Poland-1914) – severe Russian defeat
Western Front - stalemate
Battle of Verdun (1916)
Battle of Somme(1916)
Gallipoli (Turkey – 1915)
Allied invasion of Turkey by Australians & New Zealanders
Allies withdraw in 1916
Innovations:
Poison gas, submarine warfare, machine gun, airplane, tank, and trench warfare
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, & Bulgaria
Allies: France, Great Britain, and Italy (had changed sides), (U.S. will join)

8. 1917 U.S enters war Russian Revolution
Public opinion had been divided
Lusitania sunk in 1915 (pg. 755)
Zimmerman telegram
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Russian Revolution
Terrible hardships caused by war
Soldiers & civilians suffer
Bread riots in St. Petersburg
Czar Nicholas II abdicates
Provisional Government takes over in Russia
Does not withdraw from war

9. Civil War in Russia Two groups vie for control of Russia Mensheviks
Mensheviks & Bolsheviks
Mensheviks
The majority
Believed in a mass led socialist revolution
Bolsheviks
Led by Vladimir Lenin
The minority
Believed in a socialist revolution led by a small group

10. Civil War in Russia Three year war Red Army defeats the White Army
Czar & family are killed in 1918
Bolsheviks now call themselves communists
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Lenin signed to end war with Germany
Lose much western territory and 1/3 of population

11. World War I Ends American entrance tips scales in Allies’ favor
Gained industrial & human resources
Was a global war
Asia, Africa, & Middle East also
9 million soldiers killed
21 million soldiers wounded
13 million civilian casualties

12. Woodrow Wilson Proposes Fourteen Points to prevent future wars
No reparations
League of Nations
Recognition of freedom of the seas & trade
Limitations on arms
Self rule
End of secret alliances
Just settlement of colonial claims

13. Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Very severe on Germany – was meant to be punitive
Reduced German army
Banned conscription
Banned manufacture of major war weapons
Reduced Germany’s size
Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was revoked
Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland region of Germany
Stripped Germany of all overseas colonies
Demanded that Germany accept blame for the war & pay war reparations

14. Results of World War I Loss of global power for Europe
Rise of the U.S. and Japan
Rise of Bolshevism in Russia
Increased nationalism among European colonies around the world
Political and social power shifts in several nations