2.  A long series or Wars between Christians and Muslims  They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached and died

3.  During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church had risen in power  After the fall of Rome, the Eastern portion of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire  Many were uncertain where life would lead them

4. Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Christians from Visiting Holy Land Christian pilgrims were attacked Byzantine Empire feared attack on Constantinople

5.  Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians

6.  Feudal Lords  Knights  Peasants

7.  Peasant army  Untrained  Lacked military equipment  Many killed by Muslim Turks  Knights  Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem

8.  After victory many Christians went back home.  The Turks eventually took back much of the territory.  King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks

9.  Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians  Considered a very wise ruler.  Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

10.  Led by Richard the Lionhearted- King of England  Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims  Christians (unarmed) would be allowed in city

11.  Kick Muslims/ Non Christians out of Spain ▪ Reconquista: Re – conquering of Spain ▪ Inquisition – court used to suppress heresy ▪ Arrest non Christians ▪ Led by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

12.  Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military.  Turks still rule the Holy Land  Europeans want to travel more  Trade increased  Bitterness between Muslims and Christians

13.  After the 1 st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning  People soon became about making money and getting goods