2. Grammar and Usage

3. Period 1 Revision Guessing game Do you know any job words? Use your body language to show your job and ask your partner to guess.

4. What did you do yesterday? I enjoy shopping in the supermarket. Yesterday evening, I _______ （ go ） shopping near my home. I ______(be) busy all day long. So it _____ (be)a good chance for me to relax myself. There ____ (be)many people in the supermarket. Since I _____(have) enough time, I ______(feel) at ease. I ______(walk) here and there to see whether there _____(be) something I need. I ____ (fill)my basket with all the goods I chose.

5. What did you do yesterday? I _____(take) all my things with me. I ______ (decide) to go home by taxi. I _____(take) all my things with me. I ______ (decide) to go home by taxi. At the moment, a guide( 保 安 )_____(stop) me and ____(tell) me that I ______(not pay). I felt very sorry that I ______(forget) it. I said I _____(think) I ______(do) it before I came out of the door.

6. Structure Had done/had been done The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used. The past perfect tense shows us 过去的过去 >----|-------|-----|---- present past

7. What is The past perfect tense Compare the simple past and The past perfect tense Present Past Carter’s lucky pet bird led Carter to the site Carter’s lucky pet bird was eaten by a snake. Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.

8. More examples By the end of last year, I _______for 15 years. When I came back home, my favourite TV program __________. had taught had already finished

9. More examples He was not worried at all. He ____________ preparations. had already made

10. The past perfect tense used in indirect speech Present Past They emptied the tomb of everything it contained Carter said that they had emptied the tomb “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter. Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained

11. Here the past action didn’t happen a long time ago. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.

12. used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already Present Past Carter opened King Tutankhamun’s tomb Lord Carnarvon died Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died.

13. A Complete the story of Amelia Earhart (1)had seen (2)moved (3)had taken (4)had become (5) had met (6)had begun (7)had started (8)had gone

14. B Complete the story of Amelia Earhart (1)surprised (2)was built (3)spent (4)was finished (5) had wanted (6)had received (7)had arrived (8)had hit (9)survived (10)had searched （ 11 ） used （ 12 ） had caused

15. Question How do you know you will use the past tense or the past perfect tense?

16. Present perfect or past perfect? The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event. Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangely.

17. The inventor of paper (1)had failed (2)had tried (3)had heared (4)had caught (5) had showed/shown

18. Summary 一、 主语＋过去完成时 ＋① when 引导的从句 ( 注：从句谓语动词为过去式 ) ＋② by 短语 ＋③ by the time 引导的从句 ( 注：从句谓语动词为过去式 ) ＋④ before 引导的从句 ( 注：从句谓语动词为过去式 ) 例如： 一、 主语＋过去完成时 ＋① when 引导的从句 ( 注：从句谓语动词为过去式 ) ＋② by 短语 ＋③ by the time 引导的从句 ( 注：从句谓语动词为过去式 ) ＋④ before 引导的从句 ( 注：从句谓语动词为过去式 ) 例如：

19. Practice 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party. A. left ； had arrived B. left ； arrived C. had left ； had arrived D. had left ； arrived 2. We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned 解析： 正确答案为 D 。 guests 先 “ 离开 ” ， Tom 后 “ 到达 ” 。 解析： 根据 by 短语中的 last year 得知是到去年年末， 正确选项为 A

20. Practice 2. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______home. 海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不 等到丈夫回家。 A.has left ； comes B. left ； had come C. had left ； came D. had left ； would come 3. He _________________his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十岁时， 他已经建起了自己的实验室。 4. He _____________English for five years before he came here. 来这儿 之前，他已经学过五年英语了。 2. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______home. 海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不 等到丈夫回家。 A.has left ； comes B. left ； had come C. had left ； came D. had left ； would come 3. He _________________his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十岁时， 他已经建起了自己的实验室。 4. He _____________English for five years before he came here. 来这儿 之前，他已经学过五年英语了。 解析： 正确答案为 C 。 had to wait 说明事情发生在过去，而 “ 忘带钥匙 ” 的动作发生在 “ 等丈夫回家 ” 之前。 had already built had studied

21. 二、 1. 主语＋ had ＋ hardly(scarcely) ＋过去分词＋ when(before) ＋主语＋一般过去时。 2. 主语＋ had ＋ no sooner ＋过去分词＋ than ＋主语＋一般过 去时。例如： ① They had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 他们一 到家，天就下起雨来。 ② ______ got into the room ， ______ the telephone rang. 他 一到家，电话就响了。 A. He hardly had ； then B. Hardly had he ； when C. He had not ； that D. Not had he ； when 二、 1. 主语＋ had ＋ hardly(scarcely) ＋过去分词＋ when(before) ＋主语＋一般过去时。 2. 主语＋ had ＋ no sooner ＋过去分词＋ than ＋主语＋一般过 去时。例如： ① They had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 他们一 到家，天就下起雨来。 ② ______ got into the room ， ______ the telephone rang. 他 一到家，电话就响了。 A. He hardly had ； then B. Hardly had he ； when C. He had not ； that D. Not had he ； when 解析： 正确答案为 B 。当否定词 hardly ， scarcely ， no sooner 放在句首时，主谓要倒装。

22. 三、 根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。例如： 1. The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk ， right under my nose. 那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。 在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。 A. think ； lost B. thought ； had lost C. think ； had lost D. thought ； have lost 三、 根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。例如： 1. The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk ， right under my nose. 那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。 在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。 A. think ； lost B. thought ； had lost C. think ； had lost D. thought ； have lost 解析： 正确答案为 B 。 “ 丢笔 ” 是在 “ 认为 ” 之前发生的动作。

23. 四、 表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。 常用动词有： hope ， think ， expect ， intend ， mean ， suppose ， want 等。 例如： They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 他们本 来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。 四、 表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。 常用动词有： hope ， think ， expect ， intend ， mean ， suppose ， want 等。 例如： They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 他们本 来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。

24. 五、 It was ＋时间＋ since ＋主语＋过去完成时。 例如： They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink. 他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少 十年没有好好喝过了。 A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 五、 It was ＋时间＋ since ＋主语＋过去完成时。 例如： They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink. 他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少 十年没有好好喝过了。 A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 正确答案为 A 。

25. Fill in the blanks 1.There________ （ be ） 25 parks in our city up till 2000. 2. By the end of last term we ______(finish) the book. 3. They finished earlier than we __________(expect). 1.There________ （ be ） 25 parks in our city up till 2000. 2. By the end of last term we ______(finish) the book. 3. They finished earlier than we __________(expect).

26. Fill in the blanks 4. That was the second time that she _________ (see) her grandfather 5. It was 3 years since we ————(part) 。

27. Fill in the blanks 6. I ———— (hope) that I could do the job. 7. I ———— (intend) to see you but I was too busy.

28. 典型例题 When I arrived at the station, he had already left. We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. I waited until he had finished his homework. We were surprised at what she had done. We ____our breakfast when an old man came to the door. (CET-4 1990,1) A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had. 答案为 D

29. 典型例题 Before the first nonstop flight made in1949, it ____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. (CET-4 1996, 6) A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been 答案为 C

30. 典型例题 Until then, his family ____from him for six month.( CET-4 1997, 1) A) didn't hear B) hasn't been hearing C) hasn't heard D) hadn't heard 答案为 D.

31. 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案 D.

32. Quiz 1. She did not go to the cinema because she ___________the film before. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. was going to see

33. Quiz 2. —— Nancy is not coming tonight. —— But she _________ ! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised

34. Quiz 3. Shirley _______ a book about China last year but I don‘t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing

35. Quiz 4. —— Your phone number again? I _______ quite catch it. —— It‘s 9568442. A. didn’t B. couldn‘t C. don't D. can't

36. Quiz 5. —— Do you know our town at all? —— No ， this is the first time I ______ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

37. Quiz 6. I______________ ， but I was prevented by the heavy rain. A. had meant coming B. had meant to come C. meant to come D. meant coming

38. Quiz 7. ________you________ in the heavy rain last night? A. Were; caught B. Did; catch C. Had; been caught D. Have; caught

39. Quiz 8. She is the cleverest girl I____________. A. will meet B. had met C. have not met D. have ever met

40. Quiz 9.—I hear that you ____________ a new house. —Yes ， but I____________ in it now. A. have bought ， won't live B. have bought ， am not living C. will buy ， have lived D. will have bought ， am not living

41. Quiz 10. It's a surprise to meet you here. I _________ you ____________here. A. don't expect ， are B. don't expect ， were C. didn't expect ， are D. didn't expect ， were

42. Quiz 11. She did not go to the cinema because she ___________the film before. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. was going to see

43. Homework Workbook Exercise Page 104 C1, C2