1. Nonverbal Communication 1 Focus Questions What is nonverbal communication? To what extent can we read others’ nonverbal behaviors? How does nonverbal communication regulate interaction? How does nonverbal communication express the balance of power between people? How does nonverbal communication express cultural values? What does silence mean?

2. Nonverbal Communication 2 Actions speak louder than words! Facial expressions Eye contact Body postures Physical Objects Utterance Others…

3. Nonverbal Communication 3 Principles of Nonverbal Comm. Account for 65-93 % of meaning in communication Nonverbal comm. can be ambiguous Spreading fingers → V Victory; Peace (60s); 照相時的 ”Yeah!” Nonverbal comm. interact with verbal comm. (5 ways) Repeat, highlight, complement, contradict, substitute

4. Nonverbal Communication 4 Principles of Nonverbal Comm. (2) Nonverbal comm. can regulate interaction Cues for speaking and silence Can establish relationship-level meaning 3 dimensions: Responsiveness, liking, power Silence: a powerful form of nonverbal comm. Reflects cultural values Most nonverbal comm. isn’t instinctual but learned thru socialization Territoriality (private spaces) Time consciousness Norms of “touching” p.130

5. Nonverbal Communication 5 9 Types of Nonverbal Behaviors 1. Kinesics (Body positions & motions & face) 1968 Olympics incident (gloved fist - see next slide) 2. Haptics (Physical touch) Babies in healthy & disturbed families 3. Physical appearance Height, skin color, size Fortune reading 4. Artifacts (personal objects) Identity: lace, color functional for male

6. Nonverbal Communication 6 Gloved Fist as a Sign of Black Unity 1968 Olympics in Mexico City Tommie Smith & John Carols as Gold & Bronze US team expelled Martin Luther King: I have a dream…

7. Nonverbal Communication 7 9 Types of Nonverbal Behaviors (2) 5. Proxemics (personal space) 6. Environmental factors Music, light in restaurants 7. Chronemics (perception & use of time) 8. Paralanguage (vocal qualities) 9. Silence

8. Nonverbal Communication 8 Guidelines for Effective Nonverbal Communication Monitor your nonverbal communication Be tentative when interpreting others’ nonverbal communication Personal qualification Generalization issue Contextual qualification Settings, surroundings (home vs. conference room)