1. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

2. OBJECTIVES Define the term non-verbal communication and its concepts
Explain the nature of non-verbal behaviors
Illustrate non-verbal behaviors
Differentiate the three primary elements of non-verbal communication
Identify categories/dimensions of non-verbal behaviors
Synthesize the universal elements of non-verbal communication

3. Nonverbal Communication
“Nonverbal communication is the transfer of meaningful information from one person to another by means other than written or spoken language.”
Vaughan & Hogg (1998)

4. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
Sign language – includes all those codes in which numbers, words, and punctuation signs have been supplanted or replaced by gestures
Action language – encompasses all movements that are not used exclusively as signals.
Object language – embraces all intentional and non-intentional display of material things, such as art objects, implements, machines, architectural structures, and the human body and whatever clothes it.

5. DIMENSIONS of NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Body motion or kinesics
Physical characteristics
Touching behavior or haptics
Paralanguage
Proxemics
Artifacts
Environmental factors
Knapp (1972)

6. DIMENSIONS of NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Body communication
* gestural communication
* facial communication
* eye communication
* touch communication
Space communication
* Proxemics
* Territoriality
* Aesthetics and colors
Silence, paralanguage, and temporal communication
* silence
* paralanguage
* time
Joseph de Vito (1986)

7. Principles of Nonverbal Messages
Nonverbal communication, like verbal communication, is contextual.
Nonverbal behaviors are wholes not parts or segments.
Nonverbal behaviors always communicate.
Nonverbal communication follows certain rules.
Nonverbal communication is motivated.
Nonverbal communication is more credible than verbal behavior.
Nonverbal communication often refers to other communications.

8. Joseph de Vito’s Universals of Nonverbal Messages
Nonverbal Universal
Principle
Contextual
Nonverbal communication cannot be isolated from its context.
Packaged
Nonverbal behaviors occur in clusters; usually consistent with other nonverbal and verbal meanings.
Communicative
All nonverbal behaviors send a message.
Rule-governed
It follows rules embedded in culture.
Motivated
All nonverbal behaviors occur with some reason, identifiable or not.
Credible
Nonverbal cues are more highly believable than verbal ones.
Metacommunicational
It refers or comments on verbal and other nonverbal messages, by reinforcing or contradicting.

9. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
1. Body Motion or Kinesic Behavior (moving/dynamic)
a) Emblems - nonverbal acts which correspond to a direct verbal translation or dictionary definition
b) Illustrators – nonverbal acts that accompany speech
c) Affect Displays – verbal affective statements or messages can be repeated
d) Regulators – head nods and eye movements
e) Adaptors – most difficult to define because we are generally unaware of it
2. Physical Characteristics (non-moving or static)
3. Touching Behavior (Haptics)

10. Categories of Nonverbal Communication
4. Paralanguage a) Voice qualities – pitch range, pitch control, rhythm, control, tempo, articulation control, resonance, glottis control, vocal lip control b) Vocalizations – vocal characterizers, vocal qualifiers, vocal segregates 5. Proxemics 6. Artifacts 7. Environmental factors

11. “Public distance” – Edward T. Hall
Classification of interhuman distance according to Gronbeck et al. (1994)
a) Intimate distance ranges from up to 1 ½ feet
b) Personal distance – ranges from 1 ½ to 4 feet
c) Social distance – ranges from 4 to 12 feet
d) Public distance – ranges from 12 feet up

12. Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Repeating
Contradicting
Substituting
Complementing
Accenting
Relating and Regulating