1. Imperialism ( 1800-1914) Defined: nation to dominate the political
economic
And(social) cultural affairs
of another nation or region.

2. Do Now:
How does this political cartoon represent imperialism in Africa?
Who do you think the snake represents? Why?
Create a title for this cartoon.

4. Scramble for the Colonies
Europeans entered further and further into Africa
Medical innovations
Maxim gun (early machine gun)
What do you think happened as these countries moved further and further?
Berlin Conference 1884

5. The Berlin Conference ...The Race Was On...
The competition for colonies in Africa was fierce. Nations met in Berlin, Germany in 1884 to lay down the rules for the division of Africa.
The Congo River and Niger River mouths and basins would be considered neutral and open to trade.
We are here to divide this magnificent African cake…
5. What group was not present at the Berlin Conference? Africans
6. What effect do you think the Berlin Conference had on the group not represented? Country was divided without any regard to tribal lines

6. Time to Think !
The thought they were superior (Social Darwinism)

7. Before Imperialism
There were not really any real boundaries in Africa before Imperialism.
Result- The Berlin conference cut up (the cake) any way they wanted

8. Which nations were not colonized by 1914?

9. The establishing of colonies signaled a change in the way of life of the Africans. The Europeans made efforts to change the political, social and economic lives of the peoples they conquered.

10. Changes in Culture Lost traditions Schools/Educational advances
Forced conversion to Christianity
Westernization
Still affects
Africa today

11. Imperialism
Main Idea – Technological superiority allowed European nations to dominate non-developed areas and establish global empires. Guns, steam ships, and communications etc.

12. The White Man’s Burden
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

13. Why did it start? Industrial Revolution
Nations did not have enough resources in their own country
Industrial Nations produced so many goods that they needed new markets
Forces to look elsewhere for resources
Nations competed for colonies
Increased need for Resources

14. Why did it start? Nationalism More colonies = More Power
Extreme pride in their country led them to want more power
Industrial Nations competed for colonies

15. Why did it start? White Man’s Burden An attempt to justify imperialism
Mission = Spread Christianity & the Industrial Revolution
Westerners viewed anyone with different religion & life as “backwards”
Westerners felt it was their duty to “civilize” the “backwards” people of the world
An attempt to justify imperialism

16. Imperialism
Good? or Evil?

17. 7. What are the similarities and differences between these men?
8. Who do you think would be victorious in battle? Why?

18. “Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not.”
One English writer put it this way:
“Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not.”

19. European Imperialism In Africa

20. Imperialism
Mixed motives. Imperial powers claimed economic necessity, strategic imperatives, and a high-minded "civilizing mission."
Frequently motives were confused, so it became "the white man's burden" to convert Africans to Christianity while at the same time enslaving them.
Competition between imperial powers.
The scramble for Africa and later for the Pacific islands illustrates the intense competition between imperial nations.
The United States took over the Philippines in order to be on an equal footing with other powers already in China. Japan seized Korea and Taiwan for the same reason.
Different models of colonial rule.
In practice, the new imperialism varied considerably; including settler colonies such as Australia, indirect rule as in British Africa, direct rule as in French Indochina, and even the private fiefdom of Leopold II in the Belgian Congo. In all cases, ultimate authority rested with the imperial state, and local rulers had little real power.
Economic colonialism.
The purpose of the colony was to supply cheap raw commodities to the imperialist state and to be a market for manufactured goods.
All resources, natural and human, were directed to this effort. Forests were transformed into plantations, and workers impressed into service.
There was no effort to develop a colonial industry that might compete with the imperial state.
Contempt for local cultures.
With few exceptions, the imperial powers regarded colonial people as their inferiors and treated them as such. The French made an effort to convert and educate colonial peoples.
The British also employed colonials as soldiers and minor civil servants, but made little provision for education.
This disrespect contributed to a growing nationalism in India.

21. World before WWI

23. BASES FOR TRADE & NAVY SHIPS IMPROVED SHIPS &RAILROADS
PLACE FOR GROWING POPULATION TO SETTLE
PLACE TO INVEST PROFITS
WISH TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY
NEW WEAPONS
POWER & SECURITY OF GLOBAL EMPIRE
BASES FOR TRADE & NAVY SHIPS
Causes of
New Imperialism
SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM
IMPROVED SHIPS &RAILROADS
NEW MEDICINES
IMPROVED RIFLES
NEED FOR NEW MARKETS
NEED FOR NATURAL RESOURCES
BELIEF THAT WESTERN WAYS ARE BEST
SOCIAL DARWINISM
WISH TO SHARE WESTERN CIVILIZATION

24. CAUSES OF NEW IMPERIALISM
NEED FOR NATURAL RESOURCES
BASES FOR TRADE & NAVY SHIPS
WISH TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY
NEW WEAPONS
NEW MEDICINES
NEED FOR NEW MARKETS
POWER & SECURITY OF GLOBAL EMPIRE
WISH TO SHARE WESTERN CIVILIZATION
IMPROVED SHIPS &RAILROADS
PLACE FOR GROWING POPULATION TO SETTLE
BELIEF THAT WESTERN WAYS ARE BEST
SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM
IMPROVED RIFLES
PLACE TO INVEST PROFITS
SOCIAL DARWINISM

25. NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
European medicine & improved nutrition increased life span of Africans. This caused an increase in population.
European domination led to an erosion of traditional African values and destroyed many existing social relationships
Modern transportation & communications; telegraphs, railroads, steamships, and telephones
African peoples were treated a s inferior. Forced to work long hours for low pay.
A small minority received improved education and economic opportunities.
Europeans divided up Africa ignoring tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. These divisions have led to ongoing tribal clashes

26. Regents Question
3. The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflected in this cartoon shows the idea that
Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help Imperialism was opposed by most Europeans Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples
4. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples

27. Regents Question
5. Based on the map, which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800’s?
1. new nations were based on old tribal boundaries the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded
3. the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers African unity was encouraged
2. The cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded

28. European Imperialism In Africa

29. Cecil Rhodes vision of a English-speaking Empire became a reality.
Boer War
AFRICA
Outcomes
England v. Dutch Farmers
The Boers resisted British victory & practiced guerilla warfare
British arrested & imprisoned Boers
Boers finally gave up (1910)
Orange Free State & Transvaal became part of British Africa
Created the Union of South Africa
From Cape to Cairo
Cecil Rhodes vision of a English-speaking Empire became a reality.

30. Scars left on Africa Created problems between African tribes
Forced ethnic groups into same nation
Destroyed African culture
In many parts, segregation & class system based on color were introduced
Africa has yet to recover  corruption, instability, violence & authoritative regimes are common

31. The Congo Sparks Interest

32. The Congo Sparks Interest
King Leopold II
________________of Belgium commissioned the explorer Henry Stanley to secure agreements from the tribes who inhabited the Congo Basin in Africa. Stanley did so through a combination of promises, threats and trickery.
In 1882 a treaty was signed with local chiefs of the Congo River valley. The treaties gave King Leopold II of Belgium personal control over the land.

33. Abuses of the Native Congolese People
Leopold licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans, by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants.
Africans harvesting rubber in the Congo.

34. The system was unusually exploitative and brutal, even in Colonial Africa. Whipping was a common form of punishment for workers who did not meet their quotas or who disobeyed the white man's rules.

35. The man lost his hand from ropes tied too tight by Belgian Rubber Company soldiers. The boy lost his hand from soldiers that wanted to claim him as a kill.

36. A man who refused to go work in the rubber plantation looks at the severed foot and hand of his 5 year old daughter.

37. What do you think could be done to stop these crimes against humanity?
YOU DECIDE
Based on the previous images, why do you think King Leopold conducted such serious penalties on the Congolese people?
What do you think could be done to stop these crimes against humanity?

38. "My yearly income is millions of guineas"
3. Based on this picture and what you have just learned, what do you think is King Leopold’s primary interest in the Congo?
4. Create a title for this picture.
"My yearly income is millions of guineas"

39. The World Demanded Changes
Much of Europe frowned upon these atrocities, which led to the end of Leopold's rule of the basin. His financial backing eroded to the point that Leopold required loans from the Belgian government.
In 1908 Belgium took the lands for itself as the Belgian Congo. Many of the hardships of the natives were reduced and living conditions were improved.

40. Three Groups Clash over South Africa
The history of South Africa is a history of _________, ______ ___ _______ clashing over land and resources. Although the African lands seemed empty to the Europeans, there were huge areas claimed by various ethnic groups.
Africans, Dutch and British

41. Zulu Expansion
The _____ were a South African tribe that placed an emphasis on military organization and skill, as established by their legendary leader ____________. Under Shaka’s rule, the Zulu broadened their land claims throughout southern Africa.
Zulu
Shaka Zulu

42. How does this ABC book portray the native people in the colonies?
How do they portray themselves?

43. British Boers and Settlers in the Cape
                                                      
The Dutch first came to the Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to establish a way station for their ships sailing between the Dutch East Indies and home. _______(Dutch for “farmers”), were Dutch settlers who gradually established large farms. When the British took over the Cape Colony in the 1800s, the Boers left seeking their own state.
Boers
Cape Town Castle
Piet Retief, helped
to lead Boers to
Orange Free State

44. The Great Trek Great Trek
In the 1830s, to escape the British, several thousand Boers began to move north. This movement has become known as the ____________. The Boers soon found themselves fighting fiercely with Zulu and other African groups whose land they were taking.
Great Trek

45. + = Diamonds Gold The Boer War
__________and ________were discovered in southern Africa in the 1860s and 1880s. Suddenly, “outsiders” from all parts of the world rushed in to make their fortunes. The Boers tried to keep the outsiders from gaining political rights. An attempt to start a rebellion against the Boers failed. The Boers blamed the British. In 1899, the Boers took up arms against the British. This conflict was known as__________________.
Diamonds
Gold
The Boer War

46. 9. Compare these two pictures of soldiers.Which group seems
more advanced?
10. Which is the picture of British soldiers and which picture
is of the Boer soldiers? How did you come to your conclusions?

47. The Boer War
In many ways the Boer War between the British and the Boers was the first modern “total” war. The Boers launched commando raids and used guerrilla tactics against the British. The British countered by burning Boer farms and imprisoning women and children in disease-ridden concentration camps. Britain won the war.

48. Cecil Rhodes was instrumental in assuring British dominance of southern Africa. He founded the De Beers Mining Company, eventually controlling 90% of the world’s diamond production. After becoming prime minister of the Cape Colony (now South Africa) in 1890, he used his influence to strengthen British control over the region.

49. In 1902, the Boer republics were joined into a self-governing ______________________, controlled by the British.
Union of South Africa

50. Observing this photo, what are some of the positive and negative aspects of Imperialism?

51. Independence Emergence of western-educated Africans
Founded nationalist groups to push for independence
Achieved political independence by end of the twentieth century
Present day Africa