1. European Colonialism in Africa
European Colonialism in Africa scramble for Africa “Carving the Magnificent African cake”
European Colonialism in Africa

2. Prior to mid-1800s = Imperialism
What is Imperialism?
literally the act of building an empire, but has the connotation of one country economically dominating another

3. Imperialism / Maritime Empires
1450-mid~1800s
Motivated by spice trade (profit motive)
Expansion was gradual
European enclaves existed along coasts
Indirect rule (subjugated local rulers)
Little to no influence on local culture

5. Mid-1800s Transition from Imperialism to Colonialism

6. After mid-1800s = Colonialism
What is Colonialism?
the act of building colonies, areas in which a country has total economical and political (direct or indirect) control over a given region. However, the connotation of the word usually only refers to Europe

7. Colonialism / Land Empires
mid~1800s-1914
Motivated by competition (empire motive)
Expansion is rapid
Europeans move inward to rule whole countries
Direct rule
Heavily influenced the “inferior” local cultures (taught European languages, customs etc)

8. AFRICA WAS ALMOST COMPLETELY TAKEN OVER BY EUROPEAN NATIONS.

9. From… To

10. What caused European colonization?
Gold =
Industrial Revolution
Allows for the quick consumption & production of goods.
Desire for Raw Materials
Desire to sell goods to new people

11. Example of Economic Motives
Railroads built in Africa by colonial powers

12. What caused European colonization?
God =
Desire to spread Christianity & European culture
Shows belief in racial superiority
Deliberate Westernization

13. Example of Cultural Motives
“The White Man’s Burden” by Kipling

14. “White Man’s Burden” Analysis
The White Man’s Burden By Rudyard Kipling TAKE up the White Man's burden - Send forth the best ye breed - Go bind your son's to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild - Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.

15. Take up the White Man's burden - In patience to abide To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain, To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.

16. Take up the White Man's burden - The savage wars of peace - Fill full the mouth of famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch Sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought…

17. Analyze the Cartoon

18. Analyze the Cartoon

19. Social Relations b/t Colonizer & Colonized

20. What caused European colonization?
Glory =
Nationalism among European countries fuels competition
Superior weapons of Europeans
Internal rivalries & weakness of African governments (result of slave trade)

21. Reason for Change Allow Europeans to move inland more effectively
Innovations:
Maxim Gun
Quinine
Steamship, railroads, telegraphs
Allow Europeans to move inland more effectively

22. Berlin Conference
1884 meeting to clarify European claims to African lands
Attended by: Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, the Ottoman Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the U.S.
Symbolic of:
“Colonialism”
Formalized the scramble for Africa
Growing European nationalism
Who was not represented at the conference? Why?

23. African Borders before Conference

24. European Borders after Conference

25. Modern Africa Boundaries (set by Conference – note similarity to previous slide)

26. Document Analysis

27. Treaty
Directions: Answer the following questions based on the treaty document.
What are the Africans (chiefs) getting from the treaty? What are the Europeans (Royal Niger Company) getting?
Why were Africans interested/willing to sign such a treaty? Europeans?
What does this treaty say about the actions of Europeans during this time period?

28. Types of African Colonies
Tropical Dependencies
Settler Colonies

29. Effects of Imperialism
African economy became dependent on trade with Europe
Collapse of local economies
Africans focus on using natural resources to trade for manufactured goods
African culture is westernized
Breakdown of local culture
Spread of Christianity
Improved local healthcare & education systems
European control & boundaries create civil wars and government weakness