2. A Nation Divided

6. The Civil War (1861-1865)

7. The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

8. The Confederate “White House” Richmond, Virginia The Confederate “White House” Richmond, Virginia

9. The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

10. The Union Capital Washington D.C.

11. The First Shot is Fired There were several Union forts located within the South  Southern troops took over all but two forts by the time Lincoln was inaugurated into office  The most important was Fort Sumter

12. The First Shot is Fired  Lincoln made a smart political move He would not abandon Fort Sumter in South Carolina but he wouldn’t reinforce it with troops or ammunition either He just sent food to “hungry men” In this way he didn’t acknowledge the CSA He also forced Jefferson Davis to make the first move

13. The Civil War began at Fort Sumter.

14. Fort Sumter The fort was commandeered by Major Robert Anderson.  His troops were in desperate need of supplies and the guns of Charleston were pointed directly at his fort.  He waited for orders.

15. Major Robert Anderson

16. Fort Sumter  The first battle between North and South began on April 12, 1861.  After 2 days, the North surrendered to the South.  No one was killed but 1 soldier who was killed when a cannon backfired during the surrendering ceremony. Picture Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/3055/graphics/battles/images/sumteranim.gif

17. Lincoln Reacts to Fort Sumter  Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 3 months  Virginia could not fight against other Southern states and seceded Virginia had the highest population in the South and the most industry In May of 1861 Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina seceded

18. West Virginia  The counties of Northern Virginia were antislavery and seceded from Virginia  These counties were admitted to the Union as the state West Virginia in 1863

19. TThere were 23 states in the Union (North) at the beginning of the war. TThere were 11 states in the Confederacy (South) at the beginning of the war.

20. The Border States  Border States (Kentucky, Maryland, & Missouri) were States that had soldiers fighting for both sides!

21. Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

22. Rating the North & the South

23. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

24. Railroad Lines, 1860

25. Resources: North & the South

26. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

27. North’s Advantages  The North had many advantages. They had many more people and also had more factories, which could be used to make weapons  The Union also had many more miles of railroad tracks.

28. South’s Advantages TThe main advantage was they were fighting at home. TThey were closer to their supplies. TThey were protecting their homes. TThey had superior generals and better trained soldiers. TThe South was also being supplied by England at the beginning of the war. England wanted to keep trading for the South’s cotton.

29. Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott George McClellan, Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Ulysses S. Grant

30. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

31. The “Anaconda” Plan

32. South’s Strategy  The Confederacy’s strategy was mainly to survive as a nation.  Its goals were mainly defense.  If the opportunity arose, they would invade the North and attack the Union’s capital.

33. The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee

36. Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas) July, 1861

37. First Bull Run or Manassas  The first major battle of the Civil War took place near a Creek called Bull Run near a railroad junction called Manassas.  This was located 25 miles south of Washington D.C.  The Union troops located in this area were known as the Army of the Potomac.

38. McClellan: I Can Do It All!

39. First Bull Run or Manassas  Spectators from Washington D.C. came out to watch the battle.  They brought picnics and buggies.  They believed it would be a quick and entertaining event to watch.

40. First Bull Run or Manassas  The Union and Confederate troops were “green”.  In the morning of the battle the Union was winning.  In the afternoon the Confederate troops saw General Thomas Jackson fighting.

41. First Bull Run or Manassas  Someone said, “There is Jackson standing like a stonewall.”  Jackson inspired the Confederate troops and the battle turned in favor of the Confederates.  He earned the nickname “Stonewall Jackson”

42. Stonewall Jackson  He led a valley campaign for 3 months in 1862.  He liked to suck on lemons all the time.  He said, “If this Valley is lost, Virginia is lost.”  His military reputation is perhaps greater than any other Civil War General because he won with a smaller army the majority of the time. Picture Credit: www.lib.utexas.edu/photodraw/ portraits/

43. First Bull Run or Manassas  The Union troops hastily retreated leaving cannons and rifles behind as they fled.  The spectators were forced to flee with the soldiers back to Washington D.C.  First Manasas First Manasas

44. Bull Run: July 21, 1861  Forces Engaged -28,450 Union -32,230 Confederate  Estimated Casualties -2,950 Union -1,750 Confederate Confederate Victory http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/first manassas/first-manassas-maps/bull- run-animated-map/

45. The Western Battles

46. Ulysses S. Grant  Ulysses S. Grant was the head of a Union army in Tennessee  He captured 2 forts in less than 11 days. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

48. Shiloh In late March of 1862 Grant’s troops gathered in Shiloh On April 6 they were surprised by Confederate troops Grant was reinforced the next day and put the Confederates in retreat

50. Shiloh Things learned: 1. Need to build trenches and reinforcements 2. War could be bloody 1. 25, 000 dead- ¼ of all troops

53. David G. Farragut  Farragut took a fleet of Union ships up from Louisiana.  He captured the city of New Orleans on April 29, 1862  He then took Baton Rouge and Natchez along the Mississippi

55. New Weapons

56. The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

57. The Ironclads  The two iron ships fought for 5 hours and even collided 5 times. Neither side won except the North kept the South from getting supplies from the rest of the world. Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg

58. The Battle of the Ironclads  March 8-9, 1862  The battle took place in Hampton Roads, VA.  The South had built an iron ship called the Merrimac or the Virginia.  The North challenged the Confederate ship with the northern iron ship called the Monitor. Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg

59. New Weapons  Many new weapons were used during the Civil War.  One of these weapons was an ironclad ship. An ironclad ship was a ship with iron plates on it to protect it from cannon fire.

60. Other new weapons  Deadlier cannons and bullets  More accurate rifles

61. The War for the Capitals

62. Northern Strategy Number 3  McClellan was a cautious man  He insisted he needed 270,000 men before he could move toward Richmond  There were only two bridges back across the Potomac River and this wasn’t enough for a retreat

63. Spring 1862  McClellan headed toward Richmond in the Spring of 1862  There were numerous battles with General Johnson  General Johnson was wounded and command of the Army of Virginia was passed to Robert E. Lee

64. Robert E. Lee  Lee opposed secession  Lincoln offered him the position of head of the Union Army  However he said, “I can not fire a shot against my home of Virginia”

65. Seven Days’ Battles  Lee was determined to save Richmond  He fought against McClellan in a series of battles known as the Seven Days’ Battles

66. Seven Days’ Battles  Lee’s tactics unnerved McClellan and he backed away from Richmond

67. Antietam  Lee moved toward Washington D.C.  He won at the Battle of Second Bull Run on August 29 and 30  Lee crossed the Potomac River and entered Maryland

68. Antietam: September 16 - 18, 1862 Forces Engaged 87,000 Union 45,000 Confederate

69. Antietam  A corporal for the Union army came across a copy of Lee’s orders  McClellan went after Lee  The two armies met on September 17 near a creek called the Antietam

70. Antietam- Results  The battle was a standoff  The South lost ¼ of its men and retreated across the Potomac into Virginia  Over 26,000 men died on this one day As much as the Mexican War and the War of 1812 combined  This is the bloodies single day battle in U.S. history

71. Antietam :September 16 - 18, 1862  Forces Engaged -87,000 Union -45,000 Confederate  Estimated Casualties -12,401 Union -10,316 Confederate Inconclusive Forces Engaged 87,000 Union 45,000 Confederate

72. Lincoln’s Reaction  Lincoln fired McClellan on November 7, 1862  http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/an tietam/maps/antietam-animated- map.html

73. The Emancipation Proclamation

74. Emancipation Proclamation  Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863 The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."  It did not free any slaves immediately  It applied only to slaves in states in rebellion

75. Emancipation in 1863

76.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6RA BxiwqXo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6RA BxiwqXo

77. Politics during Warfare

78. Britain  The South needed Great Britain to accept them as a nation  Great Britain declined

79. Trent Affair  In the fall of 1861 the Confederacy sent two diplomats to Great Britain  They traveled on a British ship called the Trent  They were arrested by an American warship called the San Jacinto  Britain threatened war

80. Maryland  Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in Maryland after a Baltimore crowd attacked Union troops  Since this time presidents have taken powers to meet crises that happen during wartime

81. “Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”

82. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

83. Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

84. Recruiting Blacks in NYC

85. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

86. Drafts Union- passed in 1863 - All men aged 20-45 for three years Confederacy- passed in 1862 - All men 18-35 - In 1864 17-50

87. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

88. Life During the War

89. The Famous 54 th Massachusetts

90. August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

91. African-Americans in Civil War Battles

92. Black Troops Freeing Slaves

93. Women in the Civil War  Women on both sides worked during the war. Many became nurses. The most famous nurse from the Union was Clara Barton.  She also helped organize the American Red Cross.

94. Sally Thompkins  Was the only women given the title Captain of the Confederate army  She ran one of the South’s most successful hospitals http://womenshistory.about.com/library/prm/blcaptainsally1.htm

95. Belle Boyd  She was a Southern spy that told Jackson that the Yankees were at Front Royal. Picture Credit: www.civilwarhome.com/ boydbio.htm

96.  http://historyexplor er.si.edu/resource/ ?key=3342&lp=int eractives http://historyexplor er.si.edu/resource/ ?key=3342&lp=int eractives

97. A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

98. Inflation in the South

99. The Progress of War: 1861-1865

100. Income Tax  For the first time an income tax was collected by the U.S. government in 1863

101. Andersonville  Camp Sumter confined more than 45,000 Union prisoners, of which more than 13,000 died from disease, poor sanitation, malnutrition, overcrowding, or exposure to the elements over the 14 months it was in operation.

104. Capt. Henry Wirz  The camp's commandant, was arrested and charged with conspiring with high Confederate officials to "impair and injure the health and destroy the lives... of Federal prisoners" and "murder, in violation of the laws of war."

105. Execution of Commandant  Wirz was tried and found guilty by a military tribunal in Washington, D.C., and hanged. His arrest, trial, conviction and execution at the first war crimes trial remains controversial to this day.

106. A Soldier’s Life o Mmmm- o Union- o Hard Tack, beans, bacon and coffee o Confederacy- o Cush- stew of small cubes of beef, crumbled cornbread and bacon grease o Coffee made from peanuts, dried apples or corn

107. A Soldier’s Life Who needs a Bathroom?!! o There were no latrines or garbage disposals Take a bath once a week! o Body lice, dysentery, and diarrhea

108. Medicine

109. Doctors

110. Medical Care  More men died from disease than from bullets  Amputation was common  Infection ran rampant

111. Surgeon’s Tools

113. surgery reenactment https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=kdo2p-5uMRI

114. The End is Near

115. Chancellorsville The South was doing well at the beginning of 1863  Lee won against Hooker in Chancellorsville, Virginia  Hooker was forced to retreat

116. A Grave Mistake  On May 2, 1863 Stonewall Jackson returned from a patrol  Confederate guards mistook him for a Yankee and shot him in the left arm  Jackson caught and died from pneumonia on May 10

117. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

118. Gettysburg Casualties

119. Gettysburg: July 1-3 1863

120.  Forces Engaged -83,289 Union -75,054 Confederate  Estimated Casualties -23,000 Union -28,000 Confederate Union Victory

122.  The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war. The Confederacy would never invade Union territory again.  Gettysburg Address Gettysburg Address

123. The War in the West, 1863:Vicksburg 1863:Vicksburg

124. Vicksburg  Vicksburg was one of only two Confederate holdouts on the Mississippi River  Grant distracted Confederate forces in Spring of 1863  Grant tried two frontal assaults on Vicksburg -both failed

125. Vicksburg  Grant set a siege for Vicksburg  He shelled the city from the river and from the land several hours of every day  Residents were forced to take shelters in caves they had dug in hillsides  There was no food and the people had to eat the dogs and mules  On July 4 the city fell

126. The Mississippi River  Five days later the last Confederate holdout on the Mississippi fell  The Confederacy was cut in two

127. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

128. 1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

129. Presidential Election Results: 1864

130. The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865

131. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Surrender Appomattox- documentary final surrender

132.  Many point to Robert E. Lee's surrender on April 9, 1865 as the end of the American Civil War. This claim ignores the fact that other Confederate armies were still in the field and fighting after Lee's surrender. On April 26, 1865, Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston would surrender his forces to William T. Sherman in North Carolina. General Richard Taylor's forces in Alabama surrendered on May 4th. On June 2, 1865 General Edmund Kirby Smith surrendered the Confederate Department of the Trans-Mississippi. And on June 23, 1865, General Stand Watie surrendered his Cherokee forces to the Union army in Oklahoma.

133. Casualties on Both Sides

134. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

135. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

136. The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

137. The Assassination

138. WANTED~~!!WANTED~~!!

139. Now He Belongs to the Ages!

140. The Execution