2. A Harsh Way of Life Time was measured by seasons and church Farmed Lived under threat of disease High infant death rate –Life expectancy around 40 Most lived in rural areas –In small villages

3. Village Life Wealthy farmers owned village land –Rented to small farmers –Each family owned different strips –Farmed collectively Economies –Limited to their area Nearly impossible to transport goods Wealthy lived on large estates Entire families were dedicated to farming

4. Early Industries Small industries were present in addition to farming –Helped farmers during harvest Started domestic system –Worked out of their homes Benefits –Workers set own hours –Could continue farming tasks –Provided work and income during hard times Found in wool and coal industry

5. The Beginnings of Change Enclosure Movement –Landowners could enclose lands –Small farmers had to move to cities to find work –Large landowners found more effective methods Great Britain Leads the Way –Possessed needed key elements Money and industry Natural resources – iron and coal Large labor supply –Entrepreneurs ready to take risks

6. Growing Textile Industries Domestic system could not keep up with cotton demand Advances in machinery were made –Advancements in spinning cotton first –Growing need for cotton Eli Whitney invented cotton gin –Cleaned cotton 50 times faster than a human

7. The Factory System New machinery was too large and expensive for home use –Start of factory system Initially used horse and water power –James Watt designed steam engine to provide more power Industrial Developments –Factory machinery increased demand for iron and steel Came up with methods to make steel inexpensively Improved water transportation