1. The Age of Revolution
The Age of Revolution (industrial, political, scientific)
The World in 1750 and the World in 1850
The Industrial Revolution
Why Britain?
The First Phase (Cotton textiles)
Crisis of the 1830s
Second Phase (Coal, Iron, Railways)
Industrial Revolution and Society

3. 1450-1650 Europe Middle East Asia Transformation
Econ. Polit Ottoman Portug.
Empire Dutch in
SEA
End of feudal
relations, State
Expansion

4. Europe Middle East Asia
Europe Middle East Asia
To America -Ottoman Empire Ming
Africa, Asia -Persian Empire to
Qing
Absolutism Portug,
Mercantilism Dutch in SEA
Mughal

5. WORLD ECONOMIES COMPARED 1500-1775

7. The Age of Revolution (1750-1850)
Economy (Industrial Revolution) Individual’s ability to apply scientific thinking to production, and the creation of a society based on modern industry
Politics (American, French Revolutions; Revolutions of 1848) Individual’s right to challenge the old order, and claim his political rights and popular sovereignty
Science (Enlightenment) Individual’s ability to understand and control nature.

8. World in 1750 and in 1850 Second half of the 18th. c
Limited transportation
Rural
Trade and merchants dominate
Natural sources of energy
Second half of the 19th. c
New methods of transportation
Industry dominates trade and agriculture
Nature harnessed

9. The Age of Revolution
The Age of Revolution (industrial, political, scientific)
The World in 1750 and the World in 1850
The Industrial Revolution
Why Britain?
The First Phase (Cotton textiles)
Crisis of the 1830s
Second Phase (Coal, Iron, Railways)
Industrial Revolution and Society

10. Why Britain? Agricultural background Supportive state
Expansion of trade (mercantilism)
Suitable institutions
Suitable infrastructure
Overseas victories
Cultural environment
Seeds of early industries (cotton textiles, coal, iron, railroads)

11. Stages in the Mechanization of Textile Industry in Britain
Separating the seeds from the fibers
1793: Eli Whitney’s mechanical gin
Spinning
1764 Spinning jenny (no mechanical power)
1775 Richard Arkwright: Water powered spinning machine
1780 Steam powered mule (finer threads)
Weaving
1785 Edmund Cartwright (power loom)
Printing and dyeing
s pullers

12. Spinning jenny (1764)
Water mule (1775)
Steam mule (1780)
Power loom (1785)
Early factory

13. Raw Cotton Imports to Britain
1785: 11m lbs
1850: 588m lbs
Output of Cloth
1785: m yards
1850: 2,025m yards
Cotton Cloth Imports to India
m yards
m yards

14. Ceiling fresco in East India Company headquarters by Spiridione Roma

15. From textiles to coal to iron to railroads
Coal as source of heat
Coal used to separate iron
Railroads built to carry coals
Coal used to power locomotives
Railroads expanded and became a an area of investment
Railroads increase demand for coal and iron

17. Population of Manchester 1801: 77,000 1850: 303,000
Population of Europe
1750: 100 million 1900: 400 million
Population of Britain
1750: 7.4 million 1850:20.6 million
Population of Manchester
1801: 77, : 303,000
Population Liverpool
1801: 82, : 397,000

21. Robert Owen’s Ideal Village