1. RPDP Secondary Literacy Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program RPDP.net    

2. Created by Jill M. Leone Reading Specialist Copyright © 2007 RPDP Secondary Literacy

3. Students will: identify various elements of a novel. analyze and evaluate key literary elements.

4. RPDP Secondary Literacy They can take you to - places you’ve never been times long ago times in the future into the hearts and minds of others

5. RPDP Secondary Literacy Keep you company on a boring day Make you laugh or cry Help you understand your own life through the lives of others

6. RPDP Secondary Literacy Characteristics: a fictional prose work usually divided into chapters relatively long and often complex plot story traditionally develops through the thoughts and actions of its characters

7. RPDP Secondary Literacy To understand: who is telling the story (point of view) where and when the story takes place who are the main characters what the characters are like what happens (plot)

8. RPDP Secondary Literacy You should also understand: the author’s central idea or message (theme) how the author expresses his or her ideas (style)

9. RPDP Secondary Literacy Preview checklist: the title and author the front and back covers summaries or excerpts from book reviews information about author introductory material – dedication foreword, or introduction chapter names and illustrations

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13. It includes – the time and period in history the place the atmosphere the clothing the living conditions the social climate

14. RPDP Secondary Literacy A story can be set in an imaginary place, such as an enchanted castle, or a real place, such as New York or Africa. The time can be the past, the present, or the future.

15. RPDP Secondary Literacy The setting of a story is always important. It influences the way characters act and think and all aspects of their lives.

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17. Mood is the feeling, or atmosphere, that the writer creates for the reader. The author can use the setting to create a mood, which is happy, sad, exciting, or boring.

18. RPDP Secondary Literacy As you read a novel, pay attention to how the setting affects the mood of the story and also how it affects the lives of the characters.

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20. The narrative perspective from which events in a story or novel are told

21. RPDP Secondary Literacy When you determine who is telling the story, you’ve discovered the narrative point of view. This is important because the narrator controls: what and how much is told the kind of information given to the reader even the shape of the work itself

22. RPDP Secondary Literacy This means that the narrator – is a character in the story describes the action in his or her own words What’s shown is limited to the character's observations and thoughts.

23. RPDP Secondary Literacy Events and characters described by a character outside the action Third person limited point of view: The narrator tells the story from the perspective of only one character. The reader only learns what this person feels and experiences.

24. RPDP Secondary Literacy Narrator is all-knowing Can see into the mind of more than one character Gives reader access to all characters

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26. These are the people, animals, or natural forces represented as persons in a novel.

27. RPDP Secondary Literacy Authors describe them carefully. You learn - how they look what kind of people they are how they act in different situations how they change during the story

28. RPDP Secondary Literacy Main characters Minor characters Static characters Dynamic characters

29. RPDP Secondary Literacy Main characters - characters who the story revolves around the most. Minor characters - interact with the main characters and help move the story along. Static characters - stay the same over the entire course of the story, even though their situation may change. Dynamic characters - evolve as individuals, learning from their experiences and growing emotionally.

30. RPDP Secondary Literacy The main character is the most important character. The action of the plot and main conflict revolve around him or her.

31. RPDP Secondary Literacy The main character or hero in a narrative or drama, usually the one with whom the audience identifies Often referred to as “the good guy”

32. RPDP Secondary Literacy The person, thing, or force that works against the protagonist Can be – another character a family a society a force of nature a force within the main character

33. RPDP Secondary Literacy The way the author develops a character is called characterization. Pay attention to these clues from the author: Physical appearance and personality Speech, thoughts, feelings, and actions Interactions with other characters Direct comments by the author

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35. The plot is the sequence of events or what happens in a story. Many plots contain a central problem – something that goes wrong.

36. RPDP Secondary Literacy The characters also usually have a goal to achieve. The struggle to achieve this goal or solve the problem is the conflict.

37. RPDP Secondary Literacy There are different types of conflicts in a story. External Forces: Man vs. man - another individual or group of individuals Man vs. nature - something in the environment

38. RPDP Secondary Literacy External Forces: Man vs. fate – a problem that seems uncontrollable Internal Forces: Man vs. self – a physical, mental or moral struggle faced by the central character

39. RPDP Secondary Literacy By the end of a story, the character facing the conflict succeeds or fails. To identify the conflict, try to find the events that caused the problem.

40. RPDP Secondary Literacy Pay attention to how a story ends. Many stories end by resolving their conflicts. The way a problem is fixed or solved is the resolution.

41. RPDP Secondary Literacy Plots usually progress through stages: Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution

42. RPDP Secondary Literacy The exposition provides important background information and introduces the setting, characters, and conflict. During the rising action, the conflict becomes more intense and suspense builds as the main characters struggle to resolve their problem.

43. RPDP Secondary Literacy The climax is the turning point in the plot when the outcome of the conflict becomes clear, usually resulting in a change in the characters or a solution to the conflict. After the climax, the falling action occurs and the conflict is - or about to be - settled.

44. RPDP Secondary Literacy The resolution is the ending. The story’s central problem is finally solved, leaving the reader with a sense of completion, although the main character may not feel the same way.

45. RPDP Secondary Literacy Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution It’s like a map that tells you where you are in the action of the novel.

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47. Tone expresses a writer’s attitude. The tone of a literary work may be one of: anger approval joy sadness humor

48. RPDP Secondary Literacy Writer’s style involves these elements: Word choice Tone Sentence structure and length Literary devices, such as figurative language, symbols, dialogue, and imagery

49. RPDP Secondary Literacy Imagery is the use of words and phrases that create pictures in the reader’s mind. Details that appeal to your senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch – make the writing come alive.

50. RPDP Secondary Literacy Figurative Language – A special way of using words Not meant to be taken literally Creates a picture in the minds of the reader Often involves a comparison

51. RPDP Secondary Literacy Pay careful attention to the language and details a writers chooses. They will give you clues about the writer’s tone.

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53. This is the message about life from the author to the reader. It is like a lesson for life, something you can learn from the story and apply to other life situations.

54. RPDP Secondary Literacy The author usually doesn’t tell you the theme directly. You must figure it out for yourself by the way the characters act and react. Many novels have more than one theme, some major and some minor.

55. RPDP Secondary Literacy You understand your life through the lives of others. Use your imagination to form mental images. Read for pleasure. Read more quickly. “Big picture” is more important than details. Easier to remember than nonfiction.

56. RPDP Secondary Literacy Good readers anticipate what they’ll be reading before they get to it. Our background or prior knowledge enables us to make these predictions. It’s exciting to make predictions and then confirm how accurate we’ve been later on throughout a novel.

57. RPDP Secondary Literacy Which of the following provides important background information and introduces the setting, characters, and conflict? A.climax B.exposition C.rising action D.resolution How did you do?

58. RPDP Secondary Literacy Which of the following is considered an internal force in the conflict of a novel? A.man vs. man B.man vs. nature C.man vs. self D.man vs. fate How did you do?

59. RPDP Secondary Literacy The main character or hero in a novel and usually the one with whom the audience identifies is the – A.antagonist B.protagonist C.narrator D.opponent How did you do?

60. RPDP Secondary Literacy Next time you open up a novel, think about the narrator’s point of view, the characters, the conflict, the theme, and the writer’s style and techniques. You’ll see how they all fit together and can open up whole new worlds to you, the reader.

61. RPDP Secondary Literacy Setting Mood Narrator’s Point of View Character Development Parts of a Plot Tone and Style Theme

62. RPDP Secondary Literacy Permission is granted to copy (unmodified) all or part of this PowerPoint for educational, personal, non- commercial use off-line as long as the copyright message (Copyright © 2007 by Jill Leone) is maintained on the title page. This material may not be sold, duplicated on other websites, incorporated in commercial documents or products, or used for promotional purposes. Copyright © 2007 by Jill M. Leone Copyright Notice