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Published byCorey Gordon Modified over 9 years ago
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MENTAL DISORDERS
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What is a Mental Disorder? Mental disorder- illness that affects the mind and reduces a persons ability to function, to adjust to change, or get along with others. Could affect a persons ability to study, keep a job, or make friends
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Recognizing Mental Disorders Abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are signs/symptoms of a mental disorder Behaviors that are highly unusual (i.e. washing your hands over and over if already clean)
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Causes of Mental Disorders Sometimes has a single cause; more often a combination of factors are involved Physical Factors Heredity Early Experiences Recent Experiences
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Physical Factors Damage to the brain Growth or tumor in the brain Injury/ Infection to the brain Exposure to poison/lead Prolonged use of drugs or alcohol
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Heredity May inherit a tendency toward a mental disorder Does NOT mean the person will have the disorder Greater risk if the events in their life act as a trigger
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Early Experiences Negative Experiences that occur early on in life Ex. Neglected child; child that is abused in any way
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Recent Experiences Experts believe that recent experiences are more likely than early experiences to trigger a mental disorders Ex. Death of a loved one
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ADHD Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty in school, home, social settings When treated with medication, the results are immediate and dramatic Remember: Just because someone has trouble sitting still or paying attention from time to time doesn’t mean they have ADHD
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ADHD (cont.) Signs/Symptoms: Doesn’t pay attention to details Makes careless mistakes Doesn’t seem to listen Disorganized Forgets to do daily activities Easily distracted Difficulty following directions
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Anxiety Disorders Anxiety: fear caused by a source that you cannot identify or a source that doesn’t pose as much threat as you think Feelings are usually normal and short- lived ex: anxious before a final, school dance, tryouts
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Anxiety Disorders (cont.) Anxiety disorder: anxiety that persists for a long time and interferes with daily living In any six month period, 10% of Americans have an anxiety disorder Examples: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Phobias Panic Attacks Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Displays Intense worry, fears, or anxiety most days for at least 6 months NO single specific source Occur in different situation Warning signs: restlessness, fatigue, trouble, falling asleep, trouble concentrating
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Anxiety Disorders: Phobias Phobia: anxiety related to a specific situation or object Physical Effects: loss of breath, sweating, heart racing, nausea Common Phobias: Arachnophobia-fear of spiders Aviophobia- fear of flying Acrophobia- fear of high places Claustrophobia- fear of small, closed in places Ophidiophobia- fear of snakes
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Anxiety Disorders: Panic Attacks Feeling intense fear and strong desire to leave or run away After one attack, tend to worry about having another/ may change their behavior Symptoms: Fast heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating, belief you are dying, trembling, choking, nausea, dizziness, fear of losing control
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Anxiety Disorders: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsession: an unwanted thought or image that takes control of the mind Compulsion: unreasonable need to behave in a certain way to prevent a feared outcome Ex: constantly brushing teeth, checking to see if the door is locked, checking the stove
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Anxiety Disorders: Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder Surviving a life threatening event Flashbacks/Nightmares Intense Fear/horror Unable to sleep Intense Anxiety Feeling of guilt if others survived
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Other Mental Disorders: Mood Disorders -Experience extreme emotions that make it difficult to function well -Ex. Bipolar: shift from one emotion extreme to another (manic to depressive) -Depression: emotional state in which a person feels extremely sad and hopeless
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Other Mental Disorders: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia: severe disturbances in thinking, mood, awareness, and behavior “ split-mind”- peoples minds are “split-off” or separated from reality Rarely harmful to others At times appear normal; at times talk to themselves, display inappropriate dress, act strangely, withdraw from others Develop fears that are not supported by reality
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Other Mental Disorders: Impulse Control Disorders Cannot resist impulse or the drive to act in a way that is harmful to themselves or to others (ex. Kleptomania, gambling, uncontrolled shopping) Interferes with work, school, family, relationships, finances
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Other Mental Disorders: Personality Disorders Display rigid patterns of behavior that make it difficult to get along with others Falls into three broad groups: Group A Group B Group C
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Other Mental Disorders: Personality Disorders (cont.) GROUP A: Tend to be cold and distant Cannot form close relationships Absorbed in their own thoughts/ withdraw from reality “paranoid” personality: overly suspicious of other people
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Other Mental Disorders: Personality Disorders (cont.) GROUP B: Overly emotional/unstable Selfish Demanding High value on themselves and not on others “anti-social” personality
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Other Mental Disorders: Personality Disorders (cont) GROUP C: Cannot make decisions Strong need for the approval of others Avoid people for fear of rejection Need help from others to properly care for themselves “Dependent personality”
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