1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS

2. Ground Rules Appropriate and mature behavior/comments are expected.
Anatomical terms will be used.
Questions that might involve values or ethics, will not be answered, but will be referred home.
Personal stories should not include individual names.

3. Summary
Sperm is produced in testes and mature in the epididymis. Then travels through vas deferens, where it is mixed with seminal fluid created in the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland. Sperm and this fluid is called semen. Ejaculations is when muscles contract and force semen through the urethra and out of the body.

5. STD STI What is the difference?
STD stands for sexually transmitted disease.
STI stands for sexually transmitted infection.
STI is the broader and more modern term for all diseases and infections that can result from sexual activity.

6. There are 3 groups of STI’s
1. Bacterial 2. Viral 3. Parasites
Bacterial STI’s include gonorrhea and syphilis. These can often be treated and cured if caught early enough.
Viral STI’s
Include HIV, HPV (genital warts), and herpes. They have NO cure, but their symptoms can be eased with treatment.
Some Infections are not “technically” STI’s, but they can be spread through close human contact, including sex. The most common ones include: Bacterial vaginosis (a bacterial imbalance), Hepatitis B – a virus, Scabies, lice, crabs (parasites), Trichomoniasis (parasite)

7. Understanding
HIV & AIDS

8. What does HIV stand for?

9. This particular virus can only infect humans
Let’s break it down….
Human
This particular virus can only infect humans
Immunodeficiency HIV weakens your immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. A "deficient" immune system can't protect you
Virus
A virus can only reproduce itself by taking over a cell in the body of its host

11. HIV can harm you because it attacks your body’s immune system

12. HIV is a sexually transmitted disease for which there is no vaccine or cure
You cannot take antibiotics to get rid of HIV in your body like some other STI’s.

13. Left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS
On average, the untreated HIV infected patient will progress to AIDS in about 5-10 years.

14.
When HIV becomes AIDS video - 4 minutes

15. AIDS
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome

16. Acquired Deficiency Let’s break it down….
AIDS is not something you inherit from your parents. You acquire AIDS during/after birth.
Immune
Your body's immune system includes all the organs and cells that work to fight off infection or disease.
Deficiency
You get AIDS when your immune system is "deficient," or isn't working the way it should.
Syndrome
A syndrome is a collection of symptoms and signs of disease. AIDS is a syndrome, rather than a single disease, because it is a complex illness with a wide range of complications and symptoms.

17. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection
Your immune cells drops below the level of 200 cells per mm (healthy is about )
Your body can no longer fight off infections

19. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 HIV AIDS Little or no symptoms (Asymptomatic)
could last up to
10 years
HIV
Fatigue, weight loss, fever and diarrhea.
Possible mental
changes
White blood cell
count drops below 200.
Opportunistic infections
appear
Phase 2
Phase 3
AIDS

20. semen Vaginal Fluid BLOOD Breast milk
Fluids that transmit
the HIV virus:
semen
Vaginal Fluid
BLOOD
Breast milk

21. How is HIV transmitted?

22. Sexual activity with an infected person
ABSTINENCE is the only 100% effective way to prevent HIV infection through sexual transmission.

23. with an infected person
Sharing
needles
with an infected person

24. Infected mother to her infant Before, during the birth process or
breast feeding

25. WHAT ARE THE HIV RISKS? CAN A MOTHER TRANSMIT HIV TO HER BABY?
Yes. HIV-positive mothers can transmit HIV to their babies. This is called “mother-to-child transmission.” An HIV-positive mother can transmit HIV to her baby in three ways:
During pregnancy
During vaginal childbirth
Through breastfeeding
WHAT ARE THE HIV RISKS?
An HIV-positive mother who is not being treated for her HIV during pregnancy, labor, or delivery has a 25% chance of passing the virus to her baby.
However, there is good news. There are antiretroviral drugs that can protect babies from HIV infection. When an HIV-positive mother receives ARV drugs during pregnancy, labor, and delivery; has her baby by Caesarian section; and avoids breastfeeding, the chance of passing the infection to her baby falls to less than 2% .

26. HIV is NOT Spread By… Shaking hands Breathing infected air
Kissing with a closed mouth
Mosquito bites
Sharing eating utensils with a person who is infected
Donating blood in the U.S.

27. Testing for HIV HIV antibodies may be found within
2 – 12 weeks after infected with HIV.
In rare cases up to 6 months, for these tests to be accurate.

28. Is there a cure for aids?

29. However…

30. process allowing people with HIV to live longer,
Even though there is
no cure,
ARV drugs can slow
down the replication
process allowing people
with HIV to live longer,
healthier lives than those
who are infected with
HIV who are not taking ARV drugs.
Video on picture

31. is the most common drug used AZT These drugs
ANTIRETROVIRAL (ARV) DRUGS:
Today there are over 31 FDA approved antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to treat HIV/AIDS.
These drugs
DO NOT cure people with HIV/AIDS, they just suppress the virus.
AZT
is the most common
drug used

32. It’s VERY important to remember that people infected with HIV who are on ARV drugs can STILL TRANSMIT HIV to others!

33. 41% of the cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in ages 20-29 years.
FALSE
41% of the cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in ages years.
19% of AIDS cases are between 40 – 49 yrs.

34. IDAHO STATS

35. Summary: How does HIV spread?
Through sexual activity and injection drug use
Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk
Be informed and educate others!

36. Sexually
Transmitted
infections

37. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s) vs (STI’s)
Sexually Transmitted Infections
STI and STD are sometimes used interchangeably.
More recently, the term STI has been used rather than STD (especially in the medical sector).
The reason for this is that many people are infected but may not have had the infection show symptoms or turn into a disease. Being infected does not mean you feel sick or start to show signs of a disease.
However, you may still, in fact, be infected, contagious and carrying the potential of a disease.
Although all STDs are preceded by STIs, not all STIs result in the development of STDs
NOT ALL INFECTIONS
TURN INTO A DISEASE!!!

38. 25% of all new cases occur among 15-19 year olds.
You can’t tell if someone has an STI by their appearance.
STI’s can reoccur because the body doesn’t build up immunity to them.
Many STI’s can be treated, but early diagnosis is vital.
STD’s are serious diseases that can cause sterility, blindness, deafness, insanity, and death.
A person with an STI may have no symptoms.
STI’s may not have immediate symptoms, but can show up at any time and be contracted by others.

39. Feel good about your decision!
Dating should be fun,
and abstinence helps teens enjoy
healthy relationships.
Who wants to worry about
STI’s or pregnancy????

40. Each year, millions of teens contract an STI.
Many were too embarrassed to ask for help, or didn’t recognize the symptoms.

42. Let’s look at A
list of
Common Sti’s

45. No Serious Consequences
There are more than 30 STD’s.
Eight new ones have been discovered since 1980.
Life Threatening
Serious
Consequences
No Serious Consequences
HIV disease
Syphilis
Hepatitis B & C
HPV
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Genital Herpes
Cytomegalovirus
Pubic Lice
Scabies
NGU/UTI
Trichomoniasis

46. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (unless scar tissue before cured)
Curable
Not Curable
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Pubic Lice
Scabies
Trichomoniasis
NGU / UTI
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (unless scar tissue before cured)
Genital Herpes
HPV & Genital Warts
HIV disease
Hepatitis B & C
Cytomegalovirus

47. Often don’t have symptoms
Always have symptoms
Often don’t have symptoms
Scabies
Pubic lice
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
HPV & Genital Warts
Genital herpes
Hepatitis B & C
Cytomegalovirus
HIV Disease
Syphilis
PID
NGU/ UTI
Trichomoniasis

48. Most Common STD’s Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Pubic Lice Scabies
Trichomoniasis
Hepatitis B & C (Hep B or C)
Genital Herpes (HSV 1 or 2)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Genital Warts
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
These are not specific “germs”, but are infections at specific locations:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) or Nongonoccal Urethritis (NGU)
Often thought of, but not usually sexually transmitted:
Yeast infections
Mononucleosis
Bacterial vaginosis
Hepatitis A

49. Life-Threatening STD’s
HIV Disease
The end stage of HIV is known as AIDS
Syphilis
Is curable and doesn't cause serious consequences, except in newborns, if treated early. However,
Syphilis will kill a person if untreated!
Hepatitis B and C (inflammation of the liver)
There is a vaccine to prevent Hep. B, however if the body doesn’t clear the disease on its own, it can be fatal.
HPV
Most people clear HPV, but some HPV causes cervical cancer.
There is a HPV vaccine that prevents most cases of genital warts and cervical cancer, but the vaccine doesn’t protect against all types of HPV

50. Serious Consequences Chlamydia Gonorrhea
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea when untreated, can lead to PID in women.
PID, when not treated early, can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain.
In men, Chlamydia and Gonorrhea can lead to epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymitis) and scrotal pain, as well as painful urination.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are curable!

51. Serious Consequences continued
Genital Herpes
Cause serious consequences to specifically babies when they contract it during pregnancy and/or birth
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
When present at birth, could cause mental disability; lung, liver and spleen problems; hearing problems; vision loss and growth problems.

52. No Serious Consequences
Pubic Lice
Scabies
NGU (Nongonococcal Urethritis)
Trichomoniasis
All four are curable
We call lice and scabies STD’s because they are often spread sexually, but they can also be spread by sharing clothing or bedding….even sleeping in a bed where someone spent the previous night who had lice, if the lice laid eggs on the bedding.