1. Chapter 27 Section1 France By Elizabeth G., Jessie G., Carla A., Hailey A., Patrick M., Kevin M., Cameron P.

2. Government Notable Kings: Hugh Capet, Louis VI(Louis the Fat), Philip Augustus, Louis IX, and Philip IV Hugh Capet: Chosen as a French noble, established Capetian monarchy Louis VI: He placed loyal people of lower birth in disloyal’s place, and strengthened monarchy. Philip Augustus: Increased the size of kingdom and made Paris center of government. He fought in the Crusades. Louis IX: He brought peace to France, and united the people. He set up a royal court for disputes in order to stop the nobles who fought. Philip IV: He gained back English invaded territory, and taxed the kingdom. He even taxed the clergy, and set up the Estates-General. Philip gave France a national government. Social Class: – King and Noble – Merchant and Clergyman – Peasant

3. Politics Philip formed the Estates-General, which was an assembly of nobles, clergy and townspeople. The Estates-General helped him to run the country and taxed the clergy and made sure that the taxes that were collected were collected regularly. This marked the beginning of national government in France. When Philip 4 died, France was untied under one ruler with the Estates-General.

4. Religion King Louis IX, who was known for his honesty and just dealings, of France was made a saint of the Roman Catholic Church after his death. King Louis IX, who was known for his honesty and just dealings, of France was made a saint of the Roman Catholic Church after his death. French were Roman Catholic French were Roman Catholic Louis expressed his support of the church in this painting that he painted of the king feeding the Pope.

5. Economy and Trade Most nobles made their own money Louis IX made it illegal to use coins made anywhere else but the royal mint Trade led to changes in western Europe Some changes were political

6. Technology And Warfare Phillip II won back French land from England Phillip II had royal agents to watch nobles to make sure they didn’t gain too much power Phillip IV seized English fortresses in France Went to war with Flemish because they didn’t let France control their cloth trade

7. Hugh Capet, originally a noble, was elected as king of France in 987. Due to feudalism, Capet, as king, only ruled a small part of France from the Seine to Loire Rivers. Though he only ruled for 9 years, (987- 996) he was the first in line in the Capetian family rule. Cause: France was in need of a strong, central government. And started with electing a king. Effect: The founding of the Capetian dynasty, lasting more than 300 years after Capet’s death. Although the Capetian dynasty prospered, the rulers following Hugh for the next 100 years were weak and unsuited to rule. Organizer of Hugh Capet’s Monarchy (987-996 AD ) Hugh Capet Though he was king of France, Capet’s boundaries to rule were very minimal, due to feudalism.

8. Louis VI, also called “Louis the Fat,” was crowned king in 1108. Because one of his major accomplishments was increasing the power of the monarchy, Louis VI had much more of France to rule than Hugh Capet. Some other accomplishments of Louis VI: -Got rid of disloyal nobles -Halted raids of lawless vassals -granted charters to townspeople; freeing them of noble control. Cause: Louis wanted to win over the townspeople's loyalty and support, so he began granting countless charters. Effect: It ended up being a win-win situation for Louis VI and the townspeople. As the people developed towns; free of noble control, and Louis VI won over their loyalty and support. Organizer of Louis VI’s Monarchy (1108-1137 AD ) Louis VI Another of Louis VI’s accomplish -ments was replacing disloyal nobles with lower birth men who are loyal. Which is almost identical to Justinian’s legacy of hiring people based on their ability; not social class. Charter- an official document stating permission from a king for people to govern their own affairs.

9. Philip II, also called Philip Augustus, was crowned king 1179. Two ways Philip added even more land for the French to rule included marrying for land, and winning back French land from the English. Other accomplishments of Philip II: -appointed Paris as center of government -regulated nobles’ power by having royal agents manage them while he was away on the Crusades Cause: Philip had probably seen from other countries how nobles overthrew kings when they were away. He did not want this happening to him, and had royal agents prevent his nobles from doing so. Effect: Philip’s plan worked. While he was away from post, no nobles had overthrew him. Organizer of Philip II’s Monarchy (1179-1223 AD ) Philip II Isabella of Hainault- Philip’s first wife whom he married for land.

10. Louis IX was crowned king in 1226. During Louis’ 44 year reign, he did not gain significant parts of land, as he did not go to war with other countries. Some of Louis’ accomplishments: -stopped nobles from feuding -illegalized nobles from settling arguments my dueling -forbade nobles from minting their own money -set up a royal court to solve disputes Louis IX’s biggest accomplishme nt is finally bring peace to France, and unifying its people. Cause: Louis, instead of warring with other countries for land, wanted more to unify France as one nation. Effect: Louis IX stuck to his plan. He did not go to any important wars and lose land, he, with the help of his grandson, did unify France. Organizer of Louis IX’s Monarchy (1226-1270 AD ) Louis IX The French Royal coin that Louis IX required everyone to use.

11. Philip IV, also called “Louis the Fair,” was crowned king in 1285. Philip was a strong believer that the interests of the state came first. Therefore, he destroyed the English fortresses in France, as well as warred with Flanders over trade. Other accomplishments of Philip IV: -formed Estates- General -used taxes for state interest use -helped unify France under one ruler Cause: Wanted to unify France under one ruler and have a national government. Achieved this by taxing everyone for state use, warring for things he felt necessary to his country, and formed the Estates-General. Effect: Taking all these steps eventually formed a strong national government in France, and by 1314, it was united under one ruler. Organizer of Philip IV’s Monarchy (1285-1314 AD ) Estates-General- an assembly of nobles, clergy, and townspeople. Philip IV A typical Estates- General meeting