1. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
Prof. Muzafar Ahmad Pandit
Department of English
Govt. PG College rajouri

2. OVERVIEW What is Phonetics and Phonology ? Phonetics vs. Phonology
Branches of Phonetics
Voiced and voiceless
Place of articulation
Manner of articulation

3. PHONETICS  Phonetics is about the physical production
and perception of sounds of speech
 It is the study of physical aspects of speech.
It studies all possible speech sounds
 Phonetics is all about studying the sounds
we make when we talk

4. PHONOLOGY  Phonology deals with the system and pattern
of speech sounds in a language.
 It describes the way sounds function – within
a given language or across languages.
 Phonology is the study of how sounds are
organized and used in natural languages.

5. PHONOLOGY VS PHONETICS
 Analyzes the sound
pattern of a particular
language by
determining which
phonetic sounds are
significant and
explaining how these
sound are interpreted
by the native speaker
 Analyzes the
production of all human
speech sounds,
regardless of language.

6. PHONETICS VS PHONOLOGY
 Phonology is the study of
how sounds are
organized and used in
natural languages.
 The phonological system
of a language includes an
inventory of sounds and
their features, and
pragmatic rules which
specify how sounds
interact with each other.
 Phonetics is the study
of human speech
sounds.
 Phonetics studies
which sounds are
present in a
language.

7. PHONOLOGY VS PHONETICS
 Phonology studies how
these sounds combine
and how they change in
combination, as well as
which sound can contrast
to produce difference in
meaning
 Phonetics simply
describes the
articulatory and
acoustic properties of
speech sounds

8. BRANCHES OF PHONETICS  Acoustic Phonetics
This is the study of the sound waves made by the
human vocal organs for communication and how the
sounds are transmitted. The sound travels through
from the speaker's mouth through the air to the
hearer's ear, through the form of vibrations in the air.
Acoustic phonetics also looks at how articulatory and
auditory phonetics link to the acoustic properties.

9.  Auditory Phonetics
This is how we perceive and hear sounds and how the
ear, brain and auditory nerve perceives the sounds. This
branch deals with the physiological processes involved in
the reception of speech
 Articulatory Phonetics
Articulatory phonetics is interested in the movement of
various parts of the vocal tract during speech. The vocal
tract is the passages above the larynx where air passes
in the production of speech

10. ARTICULATION Articulation
 Voiceless: When the vocal folds are spread apart,
the air from the lungs passes between them without
obstruction. Sounds produced in this way are
described as voiceless. Sounds such as S-S-S-S
or F-F-F-F are voiceless.
 Voiced: When the vocal folds are drawn together,
the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart
as it passes through, creating a vibration effect.
Sounds produced in this way are described as
voiced. Sounds such as Z-Z-Z-Z or V-V-V-V.

11. PLACE OF ARTICULATION  The point where a sound is produced is
referred to as its place
of articulation.
Symbols are enclosed
with square brackets [ ]

12. BILABIALS  These are sounds formed using both upper and lower lips.
The initial sounds in the
words pat, bat, way
and mat are all
bilabials. They are
represented by the
symbols [p] [b] [m]
and [w].

13. Labiodentals Labiodentals  These are sounds formed
with the upper teeth and the
lower lip. The initial sounds
of the words fat and vat and
the final sounds of safe and
save are labiodentals.
Symbols are [f] [v]. The final
sound in the word cough,
and the initial sound in
photo, despite the spelling
differences, are both
pronounced as [f].

14. Dentals Dentals  These sounds are formed with the tongue
tip behind the upper
front teeth. The initial
sound of thin and the
final sound of bath are
both dentals. The
symbol used for these
sounds are [θ], [d], e.g
the, there, then &thus

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