1. Introduction to Linguistics
Ms. Suha Jawabreh
Lecture # 3

2. Review: The Components of Language
1. Sounds – Phonetics and Phonology 2. Words – Morphology 3. Phrases and sentences- Syntax 4. Meaning- Semantics and Pragmatics

3. Chapter 1: What is Phonetics?
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that aims to study the sounds of human speech.

4. Why do we need to study Phonetics?
-Phonetics will help you improve your English pronunciation. - Phonetics will help you pronounce English words correctly.

5. The Vocal Tract
- The vocal tract is a group of organs involved in the production of speech sounds. - For speech to occur, air must be forced up out of the lungs, up the trachea (windpipe), and into the vocal tract .

7. The Organs of Speech

8. Classification of sounds
Sounds Consonants Vowels ( E.g. [s] , [t] ) (E.g. [i], [e])

9. Classification of Consonants
We classify consonants along three major dimensions: 1. Voicing 2. Place of articulation 3. Manner of articulation

10. Voicing
a term used in phonetics to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either: 1. Voiced 2. Voiceless

11. The Larynx and the Vocal Folds

12. When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between . them freely. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless.
Examples of voiceless sounds:
[s],[f].
When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiced.
Examples of voiced sounds:
[z],[v].

13. Practice
Decide if the following sounds are voiced (V-) or voiceless (V-): 1. [k] 2.[g] 3.[t] 4.[m] 5.[h]