1. New England (Northern) Colonies

2. New England Colonies Geography: rocky soil, small amounts of land
*Subsistence farming: farming for yourself and family to eat. Not to sell!
*Climate: COLD!!!! Long harsh winters
Economy: Fishing, lumber, ship building, trade, whaling

3. Important Graph Facts:
Massachusetts
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1620
Founded by: John Winthrop
Founded for: Religious freedom (to escape religious persecution) Short Clip
Important Graph Facts:
Religion: Puritan: very strict way of life. Several people got mad and left or were kicked out.
Political: Mayflower Compact; social contract signed before Pilgrims got off boat. *It established self- government.
Geography: Boston, Massachusetts became a major *port city

4. Important Graph Facts:
Connecticut
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1635
Founded by: Thomas Hooker
Founded for: Religious freedom (Didn’t like way of life in Massachusetts)
Important Graph Facts:
Political: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut;*First written constitution in America.
Thomas Hooker

5. Thomas Hooker
Thomas Hooker was born and raised in England. After receiving degrees from Cambridge he became a preacher. Because his beliefs and sermons clashed with the established Church of England, he was eventually forced to leave England. He lived in Massachusetts and later founded the colony of Connecticut where he established a highly successful church.
He aided in the adoption of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in Believing in the principle of equality for all mankind, Hooker is sometimes called “the father of American democracy.” Hooker advanced a more democratic view, favoring the vote for all men, regardless of any religious or property qualifications.

6. Rhode Island Key Map Info: Founded in: 1636 Founded by: Roger Williams
Founded for: Religious freedom (Didn’t like way of life in Massachusetts)
*First place in America where people could worship freely.

7. New Hampshire Key Map Info: Founded in: 1630 Founded by: John Mason
Founded for: Religious freedom

8. PEGS Political Economic Geographic Social -Mayflower Compact
-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1st written Constitution)
-Thomas Hooker: “The Father of American democracy”
-Fishing, Shipbuilding and trade were the main ways New Englanders made money, whaling
-Cold climate
-Rocky soil
-Small area of land
-Subsistence farming
-All 4 New England Colonies were founded for Religious reasons

9. The Middle Colonies

10. The Middle Colonies Geography: Lots of land, fertile soil
*Climate: mild climate
Economy: small-scale farming, mining, lumber
* Crops: Wheat, Oats, and Grains (aka The Bread Basket Colonies)

11. Important Graph Facts:
New York
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1624
Founded by: the Dutch
*English took over in 1624
Founded for: Economic Reasons
Important Graph Facts:
Geography: Excellent natural harbors- England took over the colony for the good harbor
Economy: Profitable trade

12. Important Graph Facts:
New Jersey
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1660
Founded by: Lord Berkeley
Founded for: Economic Reasons
Important Graph Facts:
Geography: No natural harbors – trade wasn’t good
Social: Offered free land to attract settlers

13. Important Graph Facts:
Pennsylvania
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1682
Founded by: William Penn
Founded for: Religious Freedom
Important Graph Facts:
Religion: Quakers-peace loving people.
Social: Quakers didn’t believe in war or slavery.
Supported women’s rights.
Practiced religious toleration

14. William Penn
William Penn was born in 1644 in London, England. He obtained a land grant in North America from King Charles III in He was a Quaker and established a colony in America called Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was a haven for Quakers and welcomed people of diverse backgrounds to the colony.
He insisted that women deserve equal rights with men. He implemented democratic principles through his Frames of Government. Penn gave Pennsylvania a written constitution which limited the power of government, provided a humane penal code, and guaranteed many fundamental liberties.

15. Delaware Key Map Info: Founded in: 1638
Founded by: Peter Minuit (Swedish settlers)
Founded for: Economic Reasons

16. PEGS Political Economic Geographic Social
-New York was taken from the Dutch by England
-Quakers were supportive of equal rights
-William Penn established a Constitution granted basic fundamental rights.
-Most middle colonies were founded for economic reasons
-New York’s natural harbor made a lot of money in trading
-Mild climate
-Fertile Soil for cash crops such as wheat, oats, and grains.
-Bread Basket colonies
-Pennsylvania was the only Middle colony founded for religious reasons
-Quakers rejected slavery and wanted equal treatment for women

17. Southern Colonies

18. Southern Colonies
Geography: Lots of good flat farm land, very fertile soil
*Climate: HOT! Long Spring/Summer and short mild winters
Economy: AGRICULTURE! AGRICULTURE!
AGRICULTURE!
*Cash Crops: Rice, Cotton, and TOBACCO

19. Important Graph facts:
Maryland
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1634
Founded by: Cecil Calvert
Founded as a safe place for Catholics
Important Graph facts:
Founded for religious reasons
Social: The *Maryland Act of Toleration
opened settlement of Maryland
to all religions.

20. Important Graph Facts:
Virginia
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1607
Founded by: Virginia Company
Founded for: Economic Reasons
Important Graph Facts:
Geography: First colony = Jamestown, Virginia
Lots of disease from mosquitoes.
Economy: Cash crop of tobacco saved the colony of Virginia
Social: Dependent on slave labor
Political: Virginia House of Burgesses: First representative government

21. Important Graph facts:
North Carolina
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1653
Founded by: Group of Aristocrats
Founded for: Economic Reasons
Important Graph facts:
Social: Settled by Virginia’s backcountry.

22. Important Graph Facts:
South Carolina
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1670
Founded by: Group of Aristocrats
Founded for: Economic Reasons
Important Graph Facts:
Economy: Rice and indigo were HUGE cash crops!
More profitable than North Carolina
Social: Depended on slave labor
Geography: Charlestown (Charleston), South Carolina became a major port city

23. Important Graph Facts:
Georgia
Key Map Info:
Founded in: 1733
Founded by: James Oglethorpe
Founded for:
Protection from Spanish (Florida)
Place for debtors/criminals
Important Graph Facts:
Social: Last colony to be founded for English debtors and criminals
Geography: Bordered by Spanish Florida

24. Labor
The crops grown in the Southern colonies were very labor intensive.
Because of labor shortages throughout the colonies, the Southern colonies relied on slave labor
Slaves came to the colonies on the Middle Passage- the part of Triangular Trade from Africa to the America’s. It was considered the most inhumane part of Triangular Trade

25. PEGS Political Economic Geographic Social
-Georgia was founded to protect the other 12 colonies from Spanish Florida
-Virginia House of Burgesses (1st elected legislative assembly)
-Almost all Southern Colonies were founded for economic reasons
-Cash crops such as rice, indigo, and tobacco
-Warm climate
-Large tracts of land
-Very fertile soil
-Long growing season
-Maryland was founded for religious reasons as a safe haven for Catholics
-Georgia was also founded as a place for debtors and the poor to start over