1. Assonance: repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds “That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.”

2. Alliteration: recurrence of consonants.
“dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon”
“Nature’s first green is gold,
It’s hardest hue to hold”

3. Allusion: A reference in a literary work to something that is external to the text.
(Think of music in which one artist samples another.)

4. Characterization: the means an author employs in presenting and developing characters.
*ACTION *DESCRIPTION
*ACTIONS OF OTHERS
(Caricature: Ludicrously exaggerated CHARCTERIZATION)

5. Conflict: the struggle b/w opposing forces.
(It’s central to storytelling)
It’s really the interaction between CHARACTERS, usually the Protagonist and Antagonist
It can also be in the mind of the central figure.

6. Dialogue: The conversational language spoken by the CHARACTERS in a literary work.
it’s at best when it’s a stylized version or what a character might actually say in a situation.
Good dialogue attempts to record the idiom of characters as psychologically and socially observed.

7. Hyperbole :
Exaggeration or overstatement frequently employed for humorous purposes.

8. Imagery: a verbal representation of a sense impression.
*Visual *Auditory *Olfactory
*Tactile *Taste- oriented.
Literal or Figurative
They are often an essential part in defining the emotional content, and meaning of a literary work.

9. Irony (a) a statement contradicts its literal meaning
Irony (a) a statement contradicts its literal meaning. Ex: a narrator fails to recognize or admit the significance of what is described.
(b) Situational irony occurs when events develop in a pattern opposite to what is expected.
(c) Dramatic irony occurs when characters in a literary work are proceeding without being aware of factors affecting their fate that are known to the audience.

10. Metaphor:
An implied comparison of dissimilar objects.
SIMILE: explicit comparison. “like or as”
Metaphors apply words to objects where there is no normal, literal, or expected association:
“Life’s but a walking shadow”

11. Motif: unifying elements in a work.
It may be a phrase, IMAGE, SYMBOL, citation, or some other narrative detail that recurs and helps to elaborate a THEME.

12. Oxymoron: A statement with two apparently contradictory components
W.B. Yeat’s: “terrible beauty” It is effective as a result of its incongruity.

13. Personification:
The attribution of human qualities to non-human objects.

14. Setting:
*place *historical period
*social circumstances
The setting has significant implications for:
Atmosphere Character Plot Theme Action Conflict

15. CHARACTER ACTION OBJECT SITUATION SETTING can be a symbol
Symbolism : Any
CHARACTER ACTION OBJECT SITUATION SETTING
can be a symbol
if it has a clear literal function AND it represents something beyond itself.
Flora, the horse in Alice Munro’s “Boys and Girls,” is used symbolically to make a statement about the end of an early phase of the NARRATOR’s life. A baseball bat in a baseball player’s hands means something entirely different than a bat in an angry man’s.

16. Tone:
The cast of VOICE that reveals the SPEAKER’s or writer’s attitude to the audience.

17. Juxtaposition:
the act or instance of placing two or more things side by side.

18. Parallelism:
To have items in pairs or a
series. The reader will use
parallelism to see similarity .
Important in making
connections between
seemingly different items.

19. Questioning
Identify: to establish the identity or to place things in order, determine position.

20. Questioning
Explain: to make known.
To make plain or understandable.

21. Questioning
Analyze: To determine the nature or relationship of parts.

22. Can you make connections outside of the text?
Questioning
Deeper Meaning:
Can you make connections outside of the text?