1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH. 6 REVIEW
Migration

2. Migration???
Long-term relocation to a new locale outside place of origin
Emigration – leaving from
Immigration – going to

3. Factors that Stimulate Migration (Why Migrate???)
Conflict (Civil War)
1990s Yugoslavia: drove 3 million from homes
Rwanda: 2 million fled to Zaire & Tanzania
Economic Conditions
Poverty
Chance for work & better life
Political Strife
Oppressive regimes (Cuba, Uganda, Burma)

4. Factors (con.) Cultural Circumstances Environmental Change
Jews to Israel
Environmental Change
Irish Potato Famine
CA earthquake = emigrations
Technological Advances
Easier to travel & move
Info availability
USA is most mobile country in the world

5. Migration to a distant location that occurs in stages.
CHAIN MIGRATION –
Individuals follow the migration path of preceding friends/ family to an existing community
STEP MIGRATION –
Migration to a distant location that occurs in stages.
Stops along the way

6. Ernst Ravenstein British Demographer
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration:
1. Most migrants move only a short distance, and then typically to major cities.
2. Absorption-Rapidly growing cities are populated by migrants from nearby rural areas; in turn, the “gaps” left in the rural population are filled by migrants from more distant areas.
3. The process of dispersion is the inverse of the process of absorption and exhibits similar features- Leave outskirts first, then inner region.
4. Each main current of migration produces a compensating counter current. (Great Migration led to some White Flight)
5. Long-distance migrants tend to move to major cities.
6. Rural people have a higher propensity to migrate than urban people.
7. Women have a higher propensity to migrate within a country, men are more likely to migrate internationally than women

7. Migration – Gravity Model See Cheat Sheet online!!
Gravity Model: Migration patterns work much like gravity
Based on Ravenstein
Why?
If two settlements are the same distance from the migrants original home, migrant will choose larger settlement. (More to offer)
If two settlements are same size, but one is closer, the migrant will choose the closer settlement

8. Intervening Opportunity
Presence of a closer / better opportunity diminishes attractiveness of sites further away
Might not make all the steps of your Migration (interruption)

9. Location vs. Distance Absolute & Relative Location (remember?!)
Absolute Distance: physical distance between 2 points measured (mi / km)
Relative Distance: distance measured in terms of cost and time
Why is People’s perception of distance often distorted???

10. As distance increases, your perception of a place declines
Push & Pull Factors: You better know by now!
Distance Decay: ???
As distance increases, your perception of a place declines
Human activity declines as distance from the source increases (gravity model!!!)

11. Distance Decay Graph

12. Voluntary vs. Forced Migrations
Voluntary M.- relocation by choice
Pull relevant (have an option)
Forced M.- relocation by force (Push)
Imposition of Authority (no option)
Atlantic Slave trade
Jews to Poland during WWII
Forced M. Today?
COUNTER MIGRATION: Gov’t sending back caught Illegal immigrants

13. African Forced Migration

14. Types of Human Movement
Activity (Action) Space – ???
Daily routine through sequence of short moves
Cyclic movement – ???
Cycle Within Daily activity space
Commuting

15. Types of Human Movement
Seasonal Movement –
Cycle with seasons
Go south for the winter
Nomadism –
moving time and time again over long familiar routes

16. Types of Human Movement
Periodic Movement – ???
longer period of residence away from home base
Military service
College
Migrant labor
Transhumance – ???
pastoral farming of livestock moving with seasonal availability of pastures

17. External & Internal Migration
Interregional (External) Migration:
Moving across international borders (geographic realms)
Europe to America
Internal Migration:
Within a Nation-State
“Great Migration” from South to North in USA
Retirees moving to FLA

18. DISLOCATION Sudden and Forced Migrations yield… Refugees: ???
dislocated involuntarily from original place of settlement & unable to return
Difference between Refugee & Migrant?
Refugee is official sanctioned status
Eligible for International assistance
Asylum, housing, food

19. Difficult to know exact totals
UN refugee estimates:
1980 – 8 million
2000 – 24 million
Difficult to know exact totals
Flee into remote areas
Govt’s can manipulate #’s to serve agenda

20. Types of Refugees INTER-national Refugee: ???
(external) crossed international borders
EX???
INTRA-national Refugee: ???
(internal) remained in original country

21. When refugee life becomes way of life in new country over time
Permanent Refugee:
When refugee life becomes way of life in new country over time
(integrated into host country)
Palestinians in Jordan
Temporary Refugee:
Waiting in camps in host country for resettlement
Palestinians in Lebanon

22. How to Tell if a Refugee (& not a Migrant)
1. Move only with what they can carry on their backs
2. Make 1st step on foot (bicycle, wagon)
3. Move without official documents

24. Regions of Dislocation
Subsaharan Africa (Sudan, Rwanda, Congo)
Middle East (Israel & Palestine)
Europe (Yugoslavia)
South Asia (Sri Lanka, Afghanistan)
South East Asia (Cambodia 1975, Burma)

25. Rwandan Refugee Camp in Zaire

26. Palestinian Refugee Camp