1. Organic Compounds Biochemistry
Compounds containing
carbon that
make up living things

2. Most of a living thing is water (60-95%)
The bulk of the remaining matter is organic compounds and contain carbon

3. 4 Groups of Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

4. Carbohydrates composed of C, H, and O; in a 1:2:1 ratio (i.e. C6H12O6)
called the sugars
ring shaped molecules

5. Structural formula of a simple carbohydrate

6. Monomers of carbohydrates are monosaccharides
2 monosaccharides bond to form a disaccharide
Numerous monosaccharides bond to form polysaccharides

9. Polysaccharides can be broken down into monosaccharides

10. FUNCTIONS & EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES
main energy source for all living things - short-term energy storage (glucose, starch or amylose, glycogen)
Structural (cellulose that make up plant cell walls)

11. Lipids composed of C, H and O (one type contains phosphorus)
formed by bonding glycerol and fatty acids (3 fatty acids can bond to a glycerol molecule)

15. FUNCTIONS & EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS
wax (covering of plants to prevent evaporation of H2O)
oil (long-term energy storage in plants)

16. FUNCTIONS & EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS
fats (long term energy storage in animals and insulation)
phospholipids (make up cell membranes)
Steroids (such as cholesterol and sex hormones)

17. Proteins composed of C, H, O, N and sometimes S
monomers are amino acids
there are 20 different types of amino acids that bond in long chains (12 of the amino acids are made by the human body; the rest must be consumed in food)

18. Basic structure of an amino acid

19. Amino Acids

22. Proteins are long chains of amino acids

24. The amino acids make bonds with each other to form a globular shape

26. Antibody and flu virus

27. Functions & Examples of Protein
antibodies or immunoglobulins (made during an infection or when giving a vaccine)
collagen (protein found in skin)
enzymes (speed up chemical reactions in cells)
contractile proteins found in muscle

28. most hormones (such as insulin)
transport proteins in membranes (function in facilitated diffusion)
keratin in hair and nails
hemoglobin in red blood cells that transport oxygen

29. Nucleic Acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA)
makes up the genetics of a cell – determines what types of proteins will be produced that determines traits
made of C, H, O, N and P atoms

30. monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides

31. Nucleotides are made of a phosphate, sugar and a nitrogen base

32. Long chains of nucleotides make nucleic acids

34. GROUP QUIZ TIME!

35. glycerol and fatty acids monosaccharides
What are the monomers of proteins? (What small molecules bond together to make proteins?)
amino acids
nucleotides
glycerol and fatty acids
monosaccharides

36. DNA & RNA belong to which group of compounds?
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
carbohydrates

37. What compounds are made from glycerol and fatty acids?
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
polysaccharides

38. Most organic compounds are which type?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

39. Identify this biomolecule

40. What sugars are found in nucleic acids?
Sucrose and starch
Lactose and glycogen
Glucose and cellulose
Ribose and deoxyribose

41. All of these are carbohydrates EXCEPT
Ribose
Lactose
Hemoglobin
Deoxyribose

42. These contain the most energy per gram that mammals can store for long periods of time
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids

43. Proteins are composed of which group of elements?
C, H, N, O and sometimes S
O, S, H, C
C, H, Ca and sometimes P
K, Na, O, C and sometimes N and Na