1. African Nationalist Movements
SS7H1b
Explain how nationalism led to independence in South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria.

2. What is a nationalist movement?
The progressive development of gaining a sense of identity with a nation

3. By Early 20th Century Europe had colonized almost all of Africa
Liberia and Ethiopia are the only countries that were not colonized
Africans wanted to control their own governments and resources
Latter part of 20th century- African nations worked to free themselves

4. Kenya Mau Mau- secret society that existed from 1952-1960
Believed force would free Kenya
Thousands of people killed (only 100 Europeans)
After long period of fighting, Britain granted independence
1963- first democratic election- Jomo Kenyatta elected first president

5. Nigeria
Britain given control at the Berlin Conference and made region 2 colonies
Made up of many ethnic groups
Groups did not want to be in the same country
The division led to different treatment by the British
British spent more money in the south than in the north

6. Nigeria cont.
1940’s- Nigerians started many groups to fight British rule
These groups eventually became political parties
Late 1940’s and the 1950’s- British let Nigerians elect their own government
Given independence on Oct. 1, 1960 without having to fight
Video 11:23

7. South Africa
During colonization, Britain gains control of South Africa.
Two very different nationalist movements emerge following the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910.
The white Afrikaner nationalist movement which is represented by the National Party, formed in January 1914.
The black nationalist movement is led primarily by the African National Congress (ANC), formed in 1912.

8. South Africa cont.
The Afrikaner nationalist movement grew in popularity over the next 30 years, playing on Afrikaner (white) resentment of the British control of most of South Africa's economy and fear of the black majority.
In 1948 the National Party wins the all-white general election.
The basis of the campaign that won this election was to introduce a system of “apartheid” to totally separate the races.

9. South Africa cont.
Opposition to the “apartheid” system by the black majority is ruthlessly suppressed.
It receives increasing support from the white electorate.
The National Party (white) remained in power until 1994.
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10. Reflection
Pretend you were born in Nigeria, South Africa, or Kenya during the time of European colonization. Explain why you might want your country to be independent from European rule. What do you want to have happen when your country is independent? What kind of rule would you like to live under?

11. The End