1. The Beginnings of Industrialization
Section 9-1

2. The Industrial Revolution
the dramatic change from an agricultural based society to a manufactured based society
Started in Britain

3. Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way
Wealthy landowners enclosed their lands with fences or hedges (enclosures) in order to try new farming techniques
crop rotation – alternating crops in order to save the soil’s nutrients
Jethro Tull’s seed drill greatly increased the number of seeds that took root
Livestock owners started using the most fit specimens to breed out and produce better offspring

4. Why Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution
Abundant natural resources
Healthy economy
Willing investors in new inventions
Political stability
Military might encouraged positive feelings
All of the factors of production (resources needed to produce goods and services (land, labor, and capital)

5. Inventions Spur the Revolution
James Hargreaves – spinning jenny (boat shaped tool increase yarn output)
Richard Arkwright – water frame (run machines faster)
Samuel Compton – spinning mule = spinning jenny + water frame
Eli Whitney – cotton gin (separate seeds and cotton)
These inventions took work out of the house and into factories (large buildings where manufacturing took place)

6. Improvements in Transportation
Textile improvements urged others to improve other industries
James Watt – improved the steam engine and made it efficient enough for practical use
Entrepreneur – a person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of a business
Robert Fulton – built the Clermont a boat with a steam engine on it
John McAdam – made road improvements that made travel a lot easier

7. The Railway Age Begins
Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson built the 1st steam powered locomotives
The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad was the 1st railroad system in England (connect parts of England) The Rocket was the premier locomotive

8. Effects of the Railroad on Britain
Spur industrial growth by providing cheap transportation of goods
Created new jobs for RR workers and miners
Boosted agricultural and fishing industries providing transportation of goods
Made travel easier, country folks to city jobs & city folks to country resorts