1. Unit 6 Section 6 The Cold War Begins
TYWL: Global interaction may be caused by conflict. / Forces of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and geo-political alliances, taken to the extreme, can lead to international conflicts. / Nationalism and the quest for power are often underlying causes for war. / Conflict occurs when compromise over land, national identity and colonial possessions is no longer an option between those in authority and those they serve. /

2. Question of the Day What was the Manhattan Project?
a. the Allied plan to assassinate Hitler
b. the U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb
c. the German strategy to conquer the United States
d. the Japanese plot to invade the United States

3. Soviet Union and America Clash
Following end of World War 2, US and Soviet Union clash – The Cold War
Two most powerful nations following war
Different goals and aims for Europe
Soviets occupy Eastern European nations at end of war
See these satellite nations as a “buffer” between Soviet Union and Germany

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5. Satellite Nations
Countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Poland
Soviets installed communist governments in these nations
Churchill coins phrase “The Iron Curtain”- Division of Europe between communist governments in the East and democracies in the West

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8. Containment Proposed by US Diplomat George Kennan
Theory of how the US should deal with the Soviet Union
Containment – taking measures to prevent any spread of communist rule into other countries. Spread of communism must be stopped.
Shapes US foreign policy for almost 40 years

9. Truman Doctrine
Conflict between US and Soviet Union becomes known as the Cold War
Lasts from 1945 – 1991
Political tension, military rivalry that stops just short of actual war
Truman Doctrine is developed
Truman’s plan to stop spread of communism
Provide aid to any nation trying to resist communism
Greece and Turkey were first to get aid - $400 million in funds

10. Marshall Plan Western Europe in chaos after the war
1947, refugees, severe weather, food shortages, danger of communism creeping in
Marshall Plan – US will provide aid to rebuild Europe – humanitarian and political reasons
Great success – 16 nations receive $13 billion in aid

11. Tensions in Berlin
Post war – Germany is divided. Allies control West, Soviets control East
Capital city of Berlin is also split, but, the city is in East Germany
Stalin wants control of Berlin; sets up blockade to try and force Americans to abandon city – June, 1948 2

12. Berlin Airlift
Access to Berlin had not been guaranteed in agreement – 1st crisis of the Cold War
US decides to deliver supplies and food to city by plane rather than back down
327 days, 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies delivered
May, 1949, Soviets lifts blockade
Early Cold War victory for US

14. Formation of NATO
May, 1949, West Germany officially becomes a new nation
Soviet actions in Berlin worry US and Western Europe
April 4, 1949, US and its allies form NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Defensive alliance against Soviet Union
Soviet’s answer, Warsaw Pact, forms in 1955

15. From www.nationalarchives.gov.uk .