1. July-December 1294 Papacy of Celestine V
Charles II of Anjou
Papacy of Boniface VIII
(Benedict Gaetani)

2. 1295 Philip IV of France (r. 1285-1314) and
Edward I of England (r ) seeking
to tax clergy
1296 Boniface issues Clericis Laicos
1297 Boniface bows to Philip’s threats
1301 Philip moving against French bishop
1302 Boniface re-asserts Clericis Laicos, issues
Unam Sanctam

3. 1303 Boniface excommunicates Philip
Sept 7th 1303 Boniface captured at Anagni,
rescued but dies soon after
Papacy of Benedict XI
Papacy of Clement V Avignon

4. Map Link: Europe in 1360:
<
europe_1360.jpg>

5. 1309-77 Seven popes at Avignon
1314 Disputed election in Germany
Papacy of John XXII
1317 John declares imperial throne vacant

6. 1328 Louis of Bavaria temporarily occupies
Rome
1338 Prince-electors of Germany reject
papal authority
1347 End of reign of Louis
1323 John declares doctrine that Christ and
apostles never owned anything to be
heretical
William of Ockham (c )

7. Papal Bureaucracy:
Pope and cardinals
Four departments:
1. Roman Rota: judicial work
2. Chancery: correspondence
3. Papal Penitentiary: dispensations/
pardons
4. Papal Chamber: finance

8. Supporting papal finances:
Sale of indulgences, incl. plenary
indulgences, for avoidance of
Purgatory
System of Papal Provisions

9. 1377 Papacy returns to Rome
1378 Death of Gregory XI (p ).
Election of Urban VI (p )
on April 8th
Aug 2nd 1378 Cardinals issue call from
Anagni for resignation of pope
Sept 20th Cardinals elect Clement VII
(p ), who returns to Avignon.
Start of Great Schism

10. 1409 General council meets at Pisa, deposes
both popes, elects Alexander V (p
1410). However, other popes refuse to
be deposed
1414 Sigismund, King of Germany (r
37) forces (Pisan) Pope John XXIII
(p ) to summon Council of
Constance

11. Conciliarists
Council of Constance deposes all
three popes, elects Martin V (p )
Haec Sancta Frequens
1423 General council at Siena

12. July 1431 Start of Council of Basle
Dec 1431 Eugenius IV (p ) attempts
to dissolve council
1432 Council re-asserts supremacy over pope
1434 Eugenius forced to give in Hussites
1435 Council effectively abolishes pope’s
powers

13. 1438-39 Council of Ferrara/Florence
re-affirms powers of pope
1439 Council of Basle elects anti-pope,
Felix V (p )
1449 Abdication of Felix V and defeat of
conciliar movement

14. Meister Eckhart (c )
Dominican and mystic
Achieving unity with God by forsaking
affliction by material things
Transcendence of God
1326 on Writings scrutinised for heresy

15. Margarete Porete of Paris (d. 1310)
Bishop of Cambrai condemns
Mirror of Simple (Annihilated) Souls
1310 Margarete burned
Rejection of institutional church and its
rituals

16. Julian of Norwich (1343-c. 1419)
Age 30 Near-fatal illness and revelations
Becomes anchorite in church of St Julian in
Norwich
Book of Revelations (of Divine Love)

17. Catherine of Siena ( )
Feels called to correct failings of church
1376 Travels to Avignon, urges pope to
return to Rome
1377 Pope returns to Rome!

18. Brethren of the Free Spirit
God is in everything and everything reverts
to God after death
Thus no Hell, Purgatory or sin
Some ascetic, but many seeing this as
justification for loose behaviour

19. Beguines and Beghards
Start in 13th c. in Low Countries, spread through
Germany in 14th c.
Living in common, supporting selves through
work or begging. Vows of chastity and
obedience
1415 Council of Constance gives formal
acceptance to Beguines and Beghards

20. Brethren of the Common Life
Founded in Holland by Geert Groote ( )
Small groups joining for prayer and charitable
work
Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of Christ

21. John Wycliffe (c )
c Wycliffe rises to prominence with
attacks on:
(Wycliffe also teaching
Church wealth predestination,
importance of Bible
Sinful clergy over church teaching)
Sacraments (incl. Eucharist)

22. John Wycliffe (c )
1377 Wycliffe’s teachings condemned by pope
1382 English church council condemns
Wycliffe’s teachings
Lollards
Henry V (r )

23. Hussitism
Late 14th c. Wycliffe’s teachings passing to
Bohemia
1403 Archbishop’s office in Prague has
teachings examined by university. They
are eventually condemned
1412 John Hus ( ) preaches against
indulgences, is excommunicated and
expelled with supporters from Prague

24. Hussitism
Nov 3rd 1414 Hus arrives at Council of
Constance under safe-conduct from
Sigismund, King of Germany (r ),
but is arrested, imprisoned and tried
July 6th 1415 Hus burned for heresy

25. Hussitism
Sept Czech nobles reject authority
of Council of Constance
1419 Hussite mob seize Prague, massacre town
council. Repeated victories against
Sigismund follow
1431 Major Hussite victory. Council of Basle
negotiates with Hussites
1434 Conservative Hussites and Catholics ally

26. Hussitism
1434 Alliance defeat radical Hussites
1436 Sigismund recognised by most as
King of Bohemia

27. Witchcraft Trials
14th c. Rise in accusations of and trials for
witchcraft incl. devil-worship

28. John of Paris (c )
Gets M.A., joins Dominicans
Teaches philosophy and theology, eventually
gets M. Theol.
Tractatus de Potestate Regia et Papali
(1302-3)
Accused of heresy, appeals, but dies before
issue resolved

29. Marsiglio/Marsilius of Padua (c. 1280-c. 1343)
Italian political philosopher, canon at the
church of Padua
Defensor Pacis (btw and 1324)
1326 Flees to Louis IV of Bavaria
1327 Condemned as heretic
Accompanies Louis to Italy
1328 Coronation of Louis as Emperor