1. New Nations In Africa

2. Objective Understand the unique struggle for Independence by African nations

3. Congo Gains Independence Belgium controlled 1960 Independence 1960 Divided/upheavel Mobutu Sese Seko/dictator (1965) Zaire Laurent Kabila (1997) 1999 transition to democracy

4. Partner A Describe Mobutu Sese Seko’s tactics? Who does he sound like? Are his tactics familiar?

5. Algeria Fights for Independence France controlled Assimilation Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) 1954 (guerrilla warfare) 1962 Independence 1962 Modernize and industrialize Seven year Civil War

6. Angola Gains Independence Portuguese controlled 1960s three revolutionary groups 1975 Independence 1975 Civil war Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) Cease-fire 1989

7. Challenges with Independence/ Democracy National identity? Lack of economic development Not Industrialized Lack of education Military regimes Brutal and oppressive Population rates Mass starvation Rapid spread of AIDS A United Africa-never achieved

8. Partner B Why was establishing democracy such a challenge? Explain.

9. Traditional Africa vs. Western Culture Retain African identity Rural= illiterate Western influence Urban= educated Cape Town, South AfricaCountryside, Kenya

10. Questions What problems/challenges did African nations face when they received their independence? (name 3) How did Africa’s history directly impact their future? Draw a picture to show the difference between rural Africa and urban Africa.