World War I Treaty of Versailles

Woodrow Wilson presented his Fourteen Points (peace plan) – goal of Fourteen Points was to prevent future wars Woodrow Wilson presented his Fourteen Points (peace plan) – goal of Fourteen Points was to prevent future wars

Causes of World War I/Treaty of Versailles Secret treaties (alliances) Secret treaties (alliances) Unrestricted submarine warfare Unrestricted submarine warfare Militarism Militarism Points 1-5 (no secret alliances, freedom of the seas, and reduction of militarism weapons) Points 1-5 (no secret alliances, freedom of the seas, and reduction of militarism weapons)

Causes of World War I/Treaty of Versailles Nationalism Nationalism Points 6-13 – Self Determination (the right of an ethnic group to determine what form of government it should have – homeland) Points 6-13 – Self Determination (the right of an ethnic group to determine what form of government it should have – homeland)

Causes of World War I/Treaty of Versailles Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria lost land (creation of new countries in Europe or the restoration of old countries) Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria lost land (creation of new countries in Europe or the restoration of old countries)

Treaty of Versailles – Point 14 Establish a League of Nations (peacekeeping organization) Establish a League of Nations (peacekeeping organization) Senate must approve all treaties Senate must approve all treaties Many U.S. Senators opposed the League of Nations because they felt the U.S. would become heavily involved in the affairs of other countries Many U.S. Senators opposed the League of Nations because they felt the U.S. would become heavily involved in the affairs of other countries Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles-Point 14 Senators wanted U.S. to mind its own business (isolationism) Senators wanted U.S. to mind its own business (isolationism) U.S. did not join the League of Nations U.S. did not join the League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles Germany had to pay reparations for World War I ($30 billion) Germany had to pay reparations for World War I ($30 billion) Germany had to sign a war-guilt clause (Germany admits to causing World War I) Germany had to sign a war-guilt clause (Germany admits to causing World War I) Germany had to give up its overseas colonies Germany had to give up its overseas colonies Germany could have only a small military force. No navy! Germany could have only a small military force. No navy! Make Germany Pay Make Germany Pay Make Germany Pay Make Germany Pay

Treaty of Versailles The Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary were dissolved (broken up into several countries or mandates) The Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary were dissolved (broken up into several countries or mandates) Mandates  territory or colony taken from defeated nations and placed under the control of the victors Mandates  territory or colony taken from defeated nations and placed under the control of the victors Ottoman Empire divided into new countries (Syria, Iraq, Palestine, etc…) Ottoman Empire divided into new countries (Syria, Iraq, Palestine, etc…) Great Britain and France were mandatory powers  Britain oversaw Palestine and France oversaw Syria Great Britain and France were mandatory powers  Britain oversaw Palestine and France oversaw Syria

Analysis of Versailles Treaty: The Treaty Failed to Bring World Peace The treaty humiliated Germany (Germany will want revenge) The treaty humiliated Germany (Germany will want revenge) The treaty left Germany financially ruined (reparations) The treaty left Germany financially ruined (reparations) The allies failed to reward Russia for its help during WWI. Russia lost land and people (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, and Finland) The allies failed to reward Russia for its help during WWI. Russia lost land and people (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, and Finland)

Treaty of Versailles

Analysis of Versailles Treaty: The Treaty Failed to Bring World Peace Allies angered Italy by not giving it the land promised to it for supporting the allies Allies angered Italy by not giving it the land promised to it for supporting the allies Allies angered Japan (supported allies) by not recognizing Japan's claims in China or Japan's control over former German holdings (territories) Allies angered Japan (supported allies) by not recognizing Japan's claims in China or Japan's control over former German holdings (territories) Germany, Italy, and Japan form Rome-Berlin- Tokyo Axis (alliance during World War II) Germany, Italy, and Japan form Rome-Berlin- Tokyo Axis (alliance during World War II)