1. Peace Talks Treaty of Versailles 14 Points

2. The Paris Peace Conference

3. Meeting at Versailles:
Russia was not invited
Central Powers were given a small role
In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty; Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.

4. Paris Peace Conference
Dominated by the leaders of the four major Allied Powers:
Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
David Lloyd George (Britain)
George Clemenceau (France)
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
“The Big Four”

5. What They Wanted: France Great Britain America Italy
Georges Clemenceau
Make Germany pay!
Germany has to be stopped from invading again
Revenge
Lloyd George
Similar to French but worried it was too harsh
Treaty might cause hostility in the future
Woodrow Wilson
14 Points designed to establish lasting peace in Europe
Vittorio Orlando
Territory

7. Wilson’s Plan for a Lasting Peace:
Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissions in Paris to negotiate the Versailles treaty

8. The 14 Points:
Self-determination: boundaries decided based on people & they establish their own governments
Freedom of Seas: open trading to all peaceful nations, remove tariffs
No secret treaties or alliances formed
Mandate System: Colonial policies should consider the interests of the people
League of Nations: to provide peaceful means of solving disputes rather than war
Arms should be reduced

9. What did they decide to do with Germany and their land?
Sooooo….

10. Treaty of Versailles Signed June 28, 1919
Made Germany agree to a “Guilt Clause”
Pay war reparations of $33 Billion
Carved large chunks of territory from Germany and placed many restrictions on the German government.
Provided for the formation of the League of Nations.

12. Germany’s Restrictions
Not allowed to manufacture heavy artillery, tanks, or airplanes.
Navy could have FEW warships, but NO submarines.
Rules/Restrictions meant to ensure Germany was unable to start a war.
Allies lacked ability to enforce imposed restrictions.

13. Territorial Changes at Germany’s Expense
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France.
Belgium gained some small territories along its borders.
Poland restored as an independent nation.

14. Rhineland Was to be kept free of German military and weapons
Allied troops occupied it

15. Weakness of the Treaty Germany was humiliated and destroyed
Allies ignored the needs of the new Soviet Government
International instability was created in the new nations and mandates
U.S. returned to isolationist policies

16. America Opposed the Treaty
Felt it was too lenient
Objected to foreign policy decisions being made by international organizations
Senate refused to ratify the treaty & join the League

17. Results of WWI: Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Colonies’ participation in war increased demands for independence.
End of Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German and Austro-Hungarian empires
U.S. - economic giant

18. More RESULTS of WWI:
10 million soldiers and 10 million civilians are DEAD=20 million
Europe and its colonies are devastated
Allies won the war, but lost hopes for peace
Spanish Influenza spread during war— million died (estimated) worldwide
Empires broken up—mandates made in the Middle East

19. MANDATES – territory under temporary control
Ottoman Empire is GONE
France and Great Britain divide former Ottoman Empire
Britain- Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine
France- Syria and Lebanon
THIS DIVISION PLANTED SEEDS FOR FUTURE CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST!!!

21. Destruction never seen before
Many towns across Europe lay in ruin due to widespread destruction by mechanized warfare.
Families suffered great losses both human and material.
The once great Austro-Hungarian Empire now lay destroyed.
The political shape of Europe was forever changed.

23. Europe 1914

24. Europe 1918