WORLD WAR I IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT

Affecting the Rest of the World Gallipoli Campaign Attack the Dardanelles Gateway to OE Goals: Take Istanbul Defeat the Turks Establish supply line to Russia Organized by Winston Churchill Campaign did not work Stalemate when both sides dug in

Africa and Asia Germany’s colonial possessions under attack Japanese overran German colonies in Pacific English and French took German African possessions French and British recruited from their own colonies Troops fought to show their loyalty to the so they could gain freedom after war

The United States Joins the War 1917 – unrestricted submarine warfare – German subs sink any ship without warning Threatened American shipping Goal: starve out British before US mobilized Zimmerman Telegram German diplomat in Mexico said they would help Mexicans re- conquer land it had lost to US 2 April 1917 – US entered on Allied side

War Affects the Home Front Total War – countries devote all resources to war effort and civilians could be attacked Rationing – people could buy small amounts of items needed for war Propaganda – one- sided information designed to persuade, keep up moral, and create support for war

Women and the War Women were needed to do work the men abandoned Women built tanks, munitions, and ran hospitals Most women leave workforce after war In the War Women were also near the front lines as nurses

The Allies “Win” the War Russia Withdraws March 1917, civil unrest in Russia forced Czar Nicholas II to step down Provisional government established Continued to fight war Russian people refused to fight Nov 1917 – Vladimir Lenin seized power Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Germans Gave huge amounts of Russian lands to the Germans

Central Powers Collapse Germans refocus on Western Front Second Battle of the Marne Germans launched one final attack to crush Allies Got as far as the Marne before Allies mounted counter-attack Germans were tired and the Americans finally arriving Allies broke German lines, advanced toward Germany

Central Powers Collapse Austria-Hungarian people revolted German soldiers mutinied, people turn against Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down Germany declares itself Weimar Republic Signed an armistice with France in a railway car near Paris Nov 11 th, World War I officially ended

The Legacy of the War 8.5 million soldiers died 21 million civilians were wounded Devastated the European economy $338 billion price tag (that’s $3,000,000,000,000 today) Drained the treasuries of the European countries Destroyed acres of farmland and villages Sense of disillusionment at the glory of war