Do Now 12/16 Directions: Write where you have lived before, or Charlotte in the center circle. Then, for each spoke coming from “Geography,” “Transportation,” “Economy,” and “Society,” write a phrase or sentence that describes that aspect of where you have lived. Draw a simple sketch to illustrate each phrase or sentence. Explain how geography affects the economy, transportation, and society of where you are from.

Do Now 12/16 Explain how geography affects their community’s economy, transportation, and society.

Geographic Features Definition Characteristics/Illustration Examples Non-Examples

Economic Features Definition Characteristics/Illustration Examples Non-Examples

North and South: Geography

North Climate: Four distinct seasons Coasts: Jagged and rocky, rocky soil Thick forests in New England states Wide plains with rich soil in middle states South Climate: Mild winters; hot, humid summers Coast: swamps and marshes Rolling hills, sweeping mountains Broad, flat rivers North and South: Geography

North and South: Economy

North Economy based on manufacturing Steam-powered machinery Unskilled laborers worked in factories Lost of machines and technology in place of workers South Economy based on agriculture Lots of small farms Plantations (big farms) used slaves to raise cash crops, especially cotton Little factories North and South: Economy

North and South: Transportation

North National Roads Steamboats Lots of ships Erie Canal 20,000 miles of railroads South Steam-powered riverboats Cotton was shipped down rivers Mississippi River was the mightiest Southern river 10,000 miles of railroads North and South: Transportation

North and South: Society

North Growing numbers lived in cities African Americans were free, but NOT equal Immigrants from Ireland, Germany South Richer planters lived in large mansions on their plantations White, small farm-owners owned land Free African Americans worked as craftspeople, servants, and laborers Mainly enslaved African Americans North and South: Society

North and South Geography Challenge 1. What were the three most populous states in 1860? Were they northern or southern states? 2. Which section, North or South, had the larger population? Why? 3. Which section, North or South, had enslaved African Americans? Why? 4. Which section, North or South, had more iron ore deposits? How did this affect the development of the economy of that section? 5. Which section, North or South, was more agricultural? Why? 6. How many principle manufacturing cities did the North have? How many did the South have? What factors might explain this difference? 7. Which section, North or South, had a more extensive railroad network? 8. Notice how the railroad lines in the North connect to one another more than those in the South. How might this difference affect the growth of trade and industry in the two sections? 9. What were the main crops grown in the South? What were the main crops grown in the North? 10. What was the main difference between the types of crops grown in the North and those grown in the South?