Amendment 11(1798): Lawsuits Against a State 1 st enacted to override a Supreme Court decision No federal court may try a case in which a state is being sued by a citizen of another state or of a foreign country Changes a provision of Article III, Section 2

Amendment 12 (1804): Election of President and Vice President Changes the Electoral College procedure Vote for each office on separate ballots When only one ballot was used in 1800 Jefferson and Burr each received the same number of votes and it had to be decided by the House of Representatives

Amendment 13 (1865): Slavery Abolished 1 st of 3 amendments that were a consequence of the Civil War Section 1: It states that slavery must end in the United States and its territories Section 2: Congress may pass whatever laws are necessary to enforce Amendment 13 (enabling act)

Amendment 14 (1868): Civil Rights Guaranteed Section 1: Definition of Citizenship – Black Americans were granted citizenship – Provides that all persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to this country’s laws are citizens of the United States and of the states in which they live – State laws may not deprive anyone of due process of law or equal protection

Amendment 14 (1868): Civil Rights Guaranteed Section 2: Apportionment of representatives –abolished the provision which said that 3/5 of the slaves should be counted as population Section 3: Restrictions on holding office –Designed to bar former leaders of the Confederacy from holding federal office

Amendment 14 (1868): Civil Rights Guaranteed Section 4: Valid public debts of the United States –Settle the question of debts –All debts contracted by the United States were to be paid –No government was to pay the debts of the Confederacy –No compensation given to slave owners Section 5: Enforcement –Enabling act

Amendment 15 (1870): Black Voting Rights Section 1: –Sought to protect the right of citizens, particularly former slaves, to vote in federal elections Section 2: –Enabling act

Amendment 16 (1913): Income Tax Authorizes Congress to tax incomes It was necessary b/c in 1895 the Supreme Court had decided that an income tax law, passed by Congress a year earlier, was unconstitutional

Amendment 17 (1913): Direct Election of Senators Section 1: Election by the people –Changed Article I Section 3 –Allow the direct election of senators by popular vote –Anyone qualified to vote for a state representative may vote for United States senators

Amendment 17 (1913): Direct Election of Senators Section 2: Senate vacancies –Writs of election to fill vacancies –Temporary appointments can be made to fill vacancies Section 3: Effective date –The amendment shall not interfere with a term or election until it is a valid part of the Constitution

Amendment 18 (1919): Prohibition Section 1: –Forbade the manufacture, sale, or shipment of alcoholic beverages within the United States –Importing and exporting such beverages was forbidden Section 2: –Congress and the several states shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Amendment 18 (1919): Prohibition Section 3 – Had to be voted on and ratified for it to go into action – It had 7 years to become ratified after it was submitted Amendment 18 was later repealed by Amendment 21 in 1933

Amendment 19 (1920): Women’s Voting Rights Section 1: –Provides that women citizens may not be denied the right to vote in federal or state elections Section 2: –Enabling act

Amendment 20 (1933): Terms of Office and Presidential Succession S ection 1: –P–P resident’s and Vice President’s terms end on January 20 th –S–S enator’s and Representative’s terms end on January 3rd S ection 2: –C–C ongress must meet at least once a year on January 3rd

Amendment 20 (1933): Terms of Office and Presidential Succession Section 3: –If the President dies the Vice President takes over –If the President doesn’t qualify then the Vice President takes over Section 4: –Gives Congress the power to make a law to decide what to do if one of the candidates dies

Amendment 20 (1933): Terms of Office and Presidential Succession Section 5 –Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15 th of October following ratification

Amendment 21 (1933): Repeal of Prohibition Section 1 –Repealed Amendment 18 Section 2 –Allows states or local governments to continue prohibition if they wish to do so

Amendment 22 (1951): Limits on Presidential Terms A person can only be elected to 2 terms If a person has served more than 2 years of another person’s term, they can only serve 1 more full term

Amendment 23 (1961): Voting in the District of Columbia Section 1 –Gave residents of the District of Columbia the right to vote –Before they could not vote for President of Vice President b/c only states could choose Presidential electors Section 2 –Enabling act

Amendment 24 (1964): Poll Tax Illegal Section 1 –No poll tax or any other tax to vote in federal elections (used to keep black voters from polls) –1966 Supreme Court ruled that poll tax was unconstitutional instate and local elections Section 2 –Enabling act

Amendment 25 (1967): Presidential Disability Section 1: Vice President –If the President is removed from office, dies, or resigns the VP takes over Section 2: Replacing the VP –Nominated by the President –Majority of both the Houses of Congress Section 3: Presidential Inability to Act –Transmits powers to VP

SHE DID IT WITH HER MIND

Amendment 25 (1967): Presidential Disability Section 4: Determining Presidential Disability –VP & legislative say President can’t act the VP takes over –If he writes to Congress he can talk power back –4 days to decide –48 hours for Congress to meet –21 days and 2/3 vote in both houses

Amendment 26 (1971): Voting Age Section 1 –Makes the voting age 18 years old Section 2 –Enabling act

Amendment 27 (1992): Congressional Pay No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators & Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened