1. Amendment 11-27

2. Abolishing Slavery The 13th Amendment
“Neither slave nor involuntary servitude…shall exist within the US”
Outlawed slavery in the US
The Dred Scott Decision
Supreme Court declared that he was property because he was a slave
Amendment was ratified in 1865
Overturned the Dred Scott decision

3. Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection
The 14th Amendment(1868)
Citizenship meaning
“All persons born or naturalized in the US, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the US”
Provides citizenship for all people born or naturalized in the US
Due Process
“…nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”
Prevents states from denying life, liberty, or property without due process
Equal Protection
“…nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
Ensures all people are treated equally under the law

4. Voting Rights for African American Men
The 15th Amendment, 1870
“The right of citizens in the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
Voting rights for African American Men
States set rules for voting
Rules can’t exclude on racial grounds
Poll taxes and literacy tests

5. Women’s Suffrage The 19th Amendment,1920 Women’s Suffrage Movement
“The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any State on account of sex.”
Gave women rights to vote
Women’s Suffrage Movement
Seneca Falls, 1848
1st women’s rights convention
Declaration of Sentiments
Leaders included many women

6. Old Enough to Fight, Old Enough to Vote
The 26th Amendment, 1970
“The right of citizens of the US, who are 18 years old or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any State on account of age.”
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
The Vietnam War
The military draft
Extending the Voting Right Act of 1965
Oregon appealded to the Supreme Court
An issue of fairness
Fast Approval

7. Review 13th Amendment 1868 15th Amendment 1920 26th Amendment 1865
1870
1920
19th Amendment
26th Amendment
1970

8. Voting Rights in Washington, DC
The 23rd Amendment
“The District constituting the seat of Government of the US shall appoint…a number of electors of President and Vice President”
Granted residents in the District of Columbia the right to vote for president and vice president
Originally in the Constitution
Voter eligibility required that residents had to live in states
The amendment also capped the number of electors at 3 to match that of the smallest state

9. Poll Taxes 24th Amendment
“The right of citizens of the US to vote…for President or Vice President…for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax.”
Prohibits the requirement of poll taxes to vote in elections
1. Those who contribute to society should have a say in government
Idea behind the Poll Tax
1. Used in the South to prevent African Americans from voting
The poll tax after the Civil War

10. Income Taxes The 16th Amendment
“The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on income, from whatever source derived”
Congress can enact a federal income tax
The Constitution sets limits on how Congress can levy taxes
Direct taxes are tied to population
Expense of war and a growing population
Government needed more money

11. Prohibition and Repeal
The 18th Amendment
Allowed Congress to outlaw the production, sale, and transportation of liquor
Ratified 18th Amendment as a result of the prohibition movement
Life during prohibition
Bootleggers
Support of the Prohibition movement declined
Anti-prohibitionists and the election of 1932
The 21st Amendment
Repealed the 18th Amendment

12. Review
23rd Amendment
Voting rights for residents in the District of Columbia
24th Amendment
Poll taxes
16th Amendment
Income taxes
18th Amendment
Prohibition
21st Amendment
Repeal of Prohibition

13. The Political System
The 11th Amendment
Prohibits individuals from one-state from suing another state
Preserves state’s independence
The 12th Amendment
Altered processes of how president/vice president were elected
Changed the Electoral College procedure
17th Amendment
Allows citizens to vote for senators directly
Previous selection by state legislatures led to problem
Not accountable to the people, which led corruption
Better representation of direct democracy
And it's because of the Electoral College snafu, based on the election of In 1800, Thomas Jefferson was running for president. And he found a man from New York, named Aaron Burr(vp). Now, in the old days, the way the Constitution was set up--all the names went on the ballot.

14. Lame Ducks and Term Limits
The 20th Amendment
“The terms of the President and the Vice President shall end noon on the 20th of January, & the terms of the Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3rd of January.”
Set January 3rd as opening of congressional session
Set January 20th as inauguration day for the President
The Lame Duck Amendment
Waited for the New Deal

15. Term Limits for Presidents
The 22nd Amendment
“No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice.”
Set a 2-term limit for the president
No term limits in the Constitution
2-term tradition began by George Washington
FDR was elected president 4 times
Great Depression and World War 2

16. Presidential Succession
25th Amendment
“In case of the removal of the President from office or his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.”
Set rules for succession of the president and replacement of vice president
Clarifies the roles of the vice President
If president can’t fulfill duties
The roles of the vice president and the cabinet
The order of succession
Presidential succession Act of 1947

17. Congressional Pay 27th Amendment
“No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.”
Prevents congressional members from voting for a pay raise for themselves and then collecting it immediately
Must wait until after the following election
Proposed with the Bill of Rights
Amendment was added to the Constitution as a result of citizen action
This was initially proposed way back in the 1780s-1790s, as we were working on the Bill of Rights.

18. Review
11th Amendment
Prohibits individuals from 1 state from suing another
12th Amendment
Altered processes of how president and vice president are elected
17th Amendment
Allows citizens to vote for senators directly
20th Amendment
Set January 3 and20th as opening of congressional session and inauguration day for the president
22nd Amendment
Set a 2-term limit for the president
25th Amendment
Set rules for succession of the president and replacement of vice president
27th Amendment
Prevents congressional members from voting for a pay raise for themselves and then collect it immediately

19. Q and A’s What was prohibited by the 18th Amendment? A.
the production, sale, and transportation of liquor

20. Which amendment defines citizenship, prevents states from denying due process, and provides equal protection to all people?  B.
14th Amendment

21. During the Vietnam War, what voting rights were changed by the 26th Amendment?
It lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 so those going to war could vote on the politicians deciding their future.

22. What does the 17th Amendment say?
People vote directly for senators.

23. Which amendment gave African American men the right to vote? C.
15th Amendment

24. A. 19th Amendment ,which gives women the right to vote
Which amendment is credited to Susan B. Anthony and the suffragists?
A. 19th Amendment ,which gives women the right to vote

25. When the 23rd Amendment was passed, it gave voting rights to residents of Washington, DC. Why were they excluded from all of the previous amendments that gave voting rights? B.
Washington, DC is not a part of a state; the original Constitution says that only the residents of states were eligible to vote for president.

26. The 13th Amendment overturned the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision
The 13th Amendment overturned the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision. Which right did this amendment grant?  D.
It abolished slavery in all states.

27. How long was it from the time African American men were given the right to vote until women were given the right to vote? C.
almost 50 years

28. Which US citizens were the last to be given the right to vote for president and vice president?  D.
residents of Washington, DC