1. The U. S. Constitution
Amendments

2. Extending the Bill of Rights

3. At first, the Bill of Rights only protected the rights of adult white males, and only limited the power of the national government.

4. Amendments and Supreme Court rulings have made the Bill of Rights apply to all people and all levels of government

5. Limits the jurisdiction of federal courts
ELEVENTH AMENDMENT (1795)
Limits the jurisdiction of federal courts

6. separate ballots for electing president and vice-president
TWELTH AMENDMENT (1804)
Electoral college use
separate ballots for electing president and vice-president

7. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are referred to as the Civil War amendments because they were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War

8. THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT (1865)
No involuntary servitude (no slavery)

9. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT (1868)
Due process
Equal protection under the law
Defined citizenship

10. Section 1 of the 14th Amendment
“All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
Section 1 of the
14th Amendment

11. FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT (1870)
Gave African-American males right to vote

12. SIXTEENTH AMENDMENT (1913)
Federal income tax

13. SEVENTEETH AMENDMENT (1913)
Direct (popular)
election of Senators

14. EIGHTEENTH AMENDENT (1919)
Prohibition!
(outlawed alcohol)

15. NINTEENTH AMENDMENT (1920)
Women’s suffrage

16. TWENTIETH AMENDMENT (1933)
Inauguration Day
January 3 – Congress
(used to be March 4th)
January 20 – President
(used to be March 20th)

17. TWENTY FIRST AMENDMENT (1933)
Repealed the 18th Amendment (allowed the production and consumption of alcohol)

18. TWENTY SECOND AMENDMENT (1951)
Limited
presidential terms
to two full terms
or ten years

19. TWENTY THIRD AMENDMENT (1961)
Gave Washington, DC residents
the right to vote
for president & vice-president

20. TWENTY FOURTH AMENDMENT (1964)
Abolished the poll tax

21. TWENTY FIFTH AMENDMENT (1967)
Clarified the succession
of the president after his death
or his incapacitation
while in office

22. TWENTY SIXTH AMENDMENT (1971)
Granted eighteen year-olds suffrage

23. TWENTY SEVENTH AMENDMENT (1992)
Banned Congress from increasing its salary until after the next election