1.  Established each states sovereignty immunity.  States that the Supreme Court has the right to hear cases "between a state and citizens of another state."  Defined Article III, Sect. 2.

2.  Required the Electoral College to vote for a President & Vice President vs. two Presidents.  Established after the election of 1800.  Has been a part of every Presidential election since 1804

3.  Part of the “Civil War Amendments  Outlawed Slavery in the United States & its territories.  Last case involving the 13 th Amendment was in 1947.

4.  Established citizenship as anyone born here or naturalized, including blacks – freed and former slaves, to equal rights.  Due Process Clause (5 th Amend) was extended to state & local gov’t.  Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction.jurisdiction  Another of the “Civil War” Amendments.

5.  Last of the “Civil War” Amendments.  Gives all non-whites the right to vote.  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

6.  Established the Federal Income Tax Law.  The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

7.  Established the direct election of US Senators by popular vote.  Made election of all of a states members of Congress chosen by popular vote.  The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

8.  The Townsend Act established Prohibition.  “The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.”

9.  Women’s Suffrage.  Women are given the right to vote.  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

10.  Lame Duck Amendment.  Set the ending and beginning date for Presidential service at 12 noon on January 20th.  Stated that Congress shall meet each year beginning on January 3 rd.

11.  Repeal of Prohibition.  The consumption, purchase,& delivery of intoxicating liquors is no longer prohibited.  The Temperance Movement in America is over.

12.  Set term limits for the President.  Established that a person can serve only 2 four year terms or a maximum of 10 years.  Added to the Constitution because of Franklin Roosevelt’s being elected 4 times.

13.  The District of Columbia gets representation in the Electoral College.  The District of Columbia is allowed 3 voting members in the Electoral College.

14.  Eliminates election poll tax.  The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election shall not be denied by reason of failure to pay any poll tax.  Primarily in southern states to limit blacks from participating in elections.

15.  Defines the Presidential Succession.  Vice President, Speaker of the house, President Pro temp, etc  Also defines how the Exec. Office is to respond to Presidential disabilities.

16.  Reduced the voting age from 21 to 18.  Created in response to the Vietnam war.  18 year olds were drafted to go fight & die, but didn’t have the right to vote.

17.  Change in Congressional salary effects.  Salary increases for Congress wont take effect until after the next Congressional Election.  Was first introduced in 1789, but not ratified until 1992.