1 February 10 EQ- How do we express and experience emotions? Agenda: 1.Daily Sheet 2.Review Theories of Emotion 3.Anticipation Guide 4.Emotion day 2 1.Notes 2.MiniLabs Agenda: 1.Daily Sheet 2.Review Theories of Emotion 3.Anticipation Guide 4.Emotion day 2 1.Notes 2.MiniLabs Table of Contents: 112. February Emotions Part Emotion Mini-Labs HW- Read pgs Answer the questions on stress.

2 Anticipation Guide 1.What are three things that you really like? 2.What are three things that you really dislike? 3.Why do you like/dislike them? 4.How do you tell if someone is lying? 5.What are ten basic emotions that you think everyone feels at some point in their lives? 6.Does money buy happiness? 7.When throughout the day are you the happiest? 8.What are some things that you think MAKE people happier with their lives?

Cognition and Emotion The brain’s shortcut for emotions Most emotions go through the “high road”- the path through the cortex (you think about them and are aware of them) Some emotions can skip the cortex and our body reacts BEFORE we think of them. This is called the “low road” Likes, Dislikes, Fear- don’t require a lot of cognition Moods, Hatred, Guilt, Happiness, Love- lots of cognition involved

Emotion- Lie Detectors  Polygraph  machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies  measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion  perspiration  cardiovascular  breathing changes

Emotion-Lie Detectors Control question Relevant question Control question Relevant question (a)(b) Respiration Perspiration Heart rate

Emotion-Lie Detectors  50 Innocents  50 Theives  1/3 of innocent declared guilty  1/4 of guilty declared innocent (from Kleinmuntz & Szucko, 1984) Percentage Innocent people Guilty people Judged innocent by polygraph Judged guilty by polygraph

Expressed Emotion Which “different” face do you notice? Humans detect an angry face faster than a happy one. Why would this be important for species survival?

8 We express emotions verbally and nonverbally Born with innate ability to read nonverbal cues and determine anger We have a hard time hiding our emotions from our faces- facial muscles are hard to control and “give us away” Ex: Worry=raised inner eyebrows Ex: Genuine Smile=crinkle under eyes and raised cheeks These are called MICROEXPRESSIONS and are what the show Lie to Me is all about Women are better at “reading” people

Expressed Emotion  Universal expressed emotions: surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, joy, fear.

Facial Feedback- MiniLab Our emotional expressions MAY influence our emotions as well as display them. 1.Hold a pen between your teeth for 30 seconds. (have you partner time you) Describe any physical or mood changes you experience. 2.Walk the perimeter of the courtyard like a sad person. Describe any physical or mood changes you experience. 10

Experienced Emotion How do the different emotions feel to us? 11 The ingredients of emotion

12 Experienced Emotions Studied by Carroll Izard- 10 basic emotions present at infancy 1.Joy 2.Interest/Excitement 3.Surprise 4.Sadness 5.Anger 6.Disgust 7.Contempt 8.Fear 9.Shame 10.Guilt

Fear  The Amygdala--a neural key to fear learning Fear has enabled species survival Learn fears through experience, observation and conditioning (from parents and friends) Controlled by the amygdala Fear has enabled species survival Learn fears through experience, observation and conditioning (from parents and friends) Controlled by the amygdala

Anger Harmful to us physically Boys usually deal with anger through avoidance or physical activity Girls deal with anger by talking, writing, music “Venting” anger can cause temporary catharsis (emotional release) BUT this is usually followed by even more intense anger Best way to handle anger: 1.Wait for the PNS to calm you down. 2.Distract yourself. Harmful to us physically Boys usually deal with anger through avoidance or physical activity Girls deal with anger by talking, writing, music “Venting” anger can cause temporary catharsis (emotional release) BUT this is usually followed by even more intense anger Best way to handle anger: 1.Wait for the PNS to calm you down. 2.Distract yourself.

Happiness Humans are driven by a desire for happiness Happy people feel happy in all aspects of their lives Feel-good, do-good phenomenon- happy people are more likely to do good deeds and help others Humans are driven by a desire for happiness Happy people feel happy in all aspects of their lives Feel-good, do-good phenomenon- happy people are more likely to do good deeds and help others

Moods change throughout the day  Moods across the day

Money doesn’t buy happiness.  Does money buy happiness? Year 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Average per-person after-tax income in 1995 dollars Percentage describing themselves as very happy $20,000 $19,000 $18,000 $17,000 $16,000 $15,000 $14,000 $13,000 $12,000 $11,000 $10,000 $9,000 $8,000 $7,000 $6,000 $5,000 $4, Percentage very happy Personal income

Happiness is... Researchers Have Found That Happy People Tend to Have high self-esteem (in individualistic countries) Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable Have close friendships or a satisfying marriage Have work and leisure that engage their skills Have a meaningful religious faith Sleep well and exercise However, Happiness Seems Not Much Related to Other Factors, Such as Age Gender (women are more often depressed, but also more often joyful) Education levels Parenthood (having children or not) Physical attractiveness