1. Emotion RAK College of Dental Science VI Semester BDS 2011 Dr. Amal Jamal Shehata Associate Professor 1psychology

2. Introduction zEmotions is defined as a subjective response that is usually accompanied by a physiological and behavioral change. zIt is an outward expression of feelings and aroused by external stimuli. psychology2

3. Operational definitions Affect A broad range of feelings that people experience. Affect can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods. AFFECT EMOTIONS Intense feelings directed toward someone or something MOODS Less intense feelings that lack a specific cause or stimulus

4. Parts of Emotions  Subjective feelings.  Emotional expression.  Physiological expression.  Interpretation of emotion. 4psychology

5. Subjective feelings There are what one believe he/she feels and others can not see what are feelings. Emotional expression Expressing our feelings in different ways. psychology5

6. Expressed Emotion  People more speedily detect an angry face than a happy one (Ohman, 2001a) 6psychology

7. Experienced Emotion  Infants’ naturally occurring emotions 7psychology

8. Expressed Emotions Just how many emotions are there?

9. When shown groups of simplified faces (without labels) the angry and scheming faces “jumped out” at people faster than sad, happy, or neutral faces. An ability to rapidly detect threatening expression s (adapted from Tipples, Atkinson & Young, 2002). Expressed Emotions

10. Expressed Emotion 10psychology

11. The Expressive Component Nonverbal Communication The Facial EMG zElectrodes placed on the face record activity in various muscles. zPositive emotions increase activity in cheeks. zNegative emotions increase activity in forehead and brow areas. Electromyograph (EMG)

12. Expressed Emotion  Gender and expressiveness Men Women Sad Happy Scary Film Type 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Number of expressions 12psychology

13. Physiological arousal Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal Sympathetic division (arousing) Pupils dilate Decreases Perspires Increases Accelerates Inhibits Secrete stress hormones Parasympathetic division (calming) Pupils contract Increases Dries Decreases Slows Activates Decreases secretion of stress hormones EYES SALIVATION SKIN RESPIRATION HEART DIGESTION ADRENAL GLANDS 13psychology

14. Interpretation Of Emotion zA smiling person is interpreted as happy person by another person. psychology14

15. Happiness is... Researchers Have Found That Happy People Tend to Have high self-esteem (in individualistic countries) Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable Have close friendships or a satisfying marriage Have work and leisure that engage their skills Have a meaningful religious faith Sleep well and exercise However, Happiness Seems Not Much Related to Other Factors, Such as Age Gender (women are more often depressed, but also more often joyful) Education levels Parenthood (having children or not) Physical attractiveness 15psychology

16. Measurement of Emotions Three ways to measure emotions: 1.Introspective reports To identify the internal and external changes that a person undergoes on joy,fear,sorrow etc. and also helps to describe what the person was feelings. psychology16

17. Measurement of Emotions 2. Observation of facial expression. To identify which emotion experienced by looking to one facial expression. Ie.face is the index of mind. 3.Measurment physiological changes in emotion. Nowadays we have techniques to measure Bl. Pressure, Bl. Volume and heart rate. psychology17

18. Theories of Emotion  Does your heart pound because you are afraid... or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding? 18psychology

19. James-Lange Theory of Emotion  Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion- arousing stimuli Fear (emotion) Pounding heart (arousal) Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) 19psychology

20. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion  Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger:  physiological responses  subjective experience of emotion Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Pounding heart (arousal) Fear (emotion) 20psychology

21. Cognition and Emotion  The brain’s shortcut for emotions 21psychology

22. Experienced Emotion  The Amygdale a neural key to fear learning. 22psychology

23. Emotions and Disease zGood emotions constitute a great power for good health. Unpleasant emotion disturbed the whole body. zMany physical complaint are related to the patients psychological reaction to life. such as peptic ulcer, skin disease,asthma are caused by reactions to emotional stress (psychosomatic illness). psychology23

24. Mind-Body Interaction

25. psychology25 Emotions PositiveNegativeLove Laugher Hope Optimism Self – confident Anger Fear SadnessGuilt Boredom

26. Relevance of studying emotions in psychology for dentist zAs a dentist, I should be concern with the expression and control of emotion on myself and in others. zThe dentist will be more productive if she /he is controlled her emotion and mature in her/his behavior. This will be done through self understanding measures and use of stress management techniques. psychology26

27. Relevance of studying emotions in psychology for dentist zEmpathetic listening is important for the dentist to people with emotional distress. zExpress patient feelings will provide an opportunity to demonstrate emotional support through psychotherapy or counseling. psychology27

28. psychology28