1. Monday, 11/20
Give an example of a time that you have needed (either psychologically or physically) to belong with others.
List three emotions that you have experienced today.
Name a time that you were very emotional. Describe the parts of the emotional experience (what did your mind and body go through?)
Today’s topic: Theories of Emotions
Upcoming Dates:
Tonight’s HW
Read pages
Test: Thursday, 11/30

2. Many people seek to affiliate with others
Many people seek to affiliate with others -Evidence of the need to belong
Humans are social animals  we need connections to other people. Why?
Directions: Give examples and evidence for the need to belong in the following categories. Try using personal examples to add to the material in the text.
Aiding in Survival:
Psychological reasons to
belonging:
Pain of Ostracism:

3. Need to Belong
Humans are social animals  we need connections to other people. Why?
Evolution
Happiness
Social acceptance
Power of relationships
Pain of ostracism
Health

4. How Many Emotions? Carroll Izard – 10 basic emotions
Possibly 2 more (love and pride)
Two dimensions of emotion
Arousal (high/low)
Valence (pleasant/ unpleasant)
*Joy
Surprise
*Anger
Contempt
Shame
Pride
Interest/
Excitement
*Sadness
*Disgust
*Fear
Guilt
Love

5. Emotion Where do emotions come from? Why do we have them?
What are the parts of an emotion?
Emotion
AP Psyc.

6. Emotion A response of the whole organism, involving
physiological arousal
expressive behaviors
conscious experience
I hear screams coming from my sons room at 2AM…
Physiological arousal – wake up, quickened heartbeat, quickened breathing
Expressive behaviors – worried facial expression, running down the hallway to his room
Conscious experience – thoughts (kidnapping or hurt) and feelings (fear)

7. Back to the warm-up . . . Name a time that you were very emotional.
Describe the parts of an emotional experience (what does your mind and body go through?)
physiological arousal
expressive behaviors
conscious experience

8. Theories of Emotion Which comes first? Physiological arousal or
Emotion feelings

9. Common Sense Emotion  physiological response Sad  cry
Happy  smile and laugh
Fearful  tremble

10. James-Lange Theory

11. Cannon-Bard Theory

12. Two-Factor Theory (Schachter-Singer)

13. James-Lange Theory Physical arousal occurs BEFORE the emotion PROBLEMS
The heart races BEFORE the feeling of fear is felt.
PROBLEMS
Your body’s physiological symptoms can be associated with all kinds of emotions.
A racing heart doesn’t always indicate fear!
The body often reacts slower than the feeling of emotions.
You feel sad before you cry.

14. Cannon-Bard Theory
Simultaneous experience of physiological arousal and emotion.
Your heart races AS you experience fear.
PROBLEMS
How can it happen at the same time all the time?
What about physiological symptoms that do not have a felt emotion?
Or a felt emotion that doesn’t present a physiological response at the same time?

15. Two-Factor Theory (Schachter-Singer)
Physiological arousal occurs and the brain appraises the arousal to label the emotion felt.
Emotions are context-dependent
Racing heart can mean fear or happiness depending on the context.
Physiology (arousal) + Cognition (label) = Emotion

16. Tuesday, 11/20 – Happy Thanksgiving
Today’s topic: Theories and Psychologist Review
Upcoming Dates:
Tonight’s HW
Read pages
Test: Thursday, 11/30

17. Monday, November 27
Name some examples of physiological things our bodies go through when we experience emotions.
Can you name a time where your emotions have influenced your perception of someone/something?
What are some verbal ways to detect if someone is lying?
What are some nonverbal ways to detect if someone is lying?
Today’s topic:
Embodied, Expressed and Experienced Emotions
Homework Tonight:
Read pages
Terms
Expressed Emotion Questions
Upcoming Dates:
Test: Thursday

18. Embodied Emotion
Emotions are not felt by the mind, but by the entire body.

19. Physiological Similarities and Differences of Emotions
Fear, anger, and sexual arousal can manifest physiologically in similar ways  CONTEXT MATTERS
Similar physiological heart rate response for fear and joy but use different facial muscles
Brain differences
Right frontal lobe – Negative emotions, depression
Left frontal lobe – positive emotions, active with positive personalities; more dopamine pathways

20. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic nervous system – mobilizes body for action
Sympathetic nervous system – AROUSES
Parasympathetic nervous system – CALMS
“para” as in paralyzed or slowed
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Pupils dilate
EYES
Pupils contract
Decreases
SALIVATION
Increases
Perspires
SKIN
Dries
RESPIRATION
Accelerates
HEART RATE
Slows
Inhibits
DIGESTION
Activates
Secrete stress hormone
ADRENAL GLANDS
Decreases secretion of stress hormone

21. Crash Course: Write the following questions in your notes for the video
What is the spill-over effect?
Describe the experiment for the spill over effect.
What does cognition do with emotions?
What is the “high road” of emotion?
What is the “low road” of emotion?

22. Cognition and Emotion – Thinking First
Which comes first: thinking or feeling?
Spill-over effect – arousal influences the way we perceive other events and thus feel/interpret emotion.
Ex: Schachter and Singer’s adrenaline experiment
Arousal fuels emotion; cognition (thinking and context) channels it.

23. Cognition and Emotion – Feeling First
Robert Zajonc – we feel emotions apart, or before, our conscious awareness of them.
Ex: subliminally flashed a face and asked to consume a drink
Happy face – drank more
Neutral face – drank less than happy group
Angry face – drank less than both previous groups
NONE of the participants consciously registered the face’s emotion

24. Cognition and Emotion 2 routes to emotion Speedy low road
Feeling first
Thinking high road
Thinking first

25. Lie Detection
Polygraph – a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion
PROBLEMS
Physiological arousal is the same for many emotions
Increased stress level due to accusations made
Savvy criminals can pass by manipulating their arousal
Guilty knowledge test – monitor responses to questions using info that only the criminal would know

26. Polygraph Machine

27. Liespotting – Pamela Meyer

28. Detecting and Computing Emotion
Hard to “fake” some emotions
Worry/distress – lifting just the inner part of eyebrows
Fear – eyebrows pulled together
Natural smile – activated muscles under the eyes and raised cheeks
Untrained eye can detect
lying 50% of the time…
essentially by chance
Trained eye looks for fear,
despair, or guilt