Essential Questions 1.What is mental health? 2.How does personality contribute to mental health? 3.What are some popular theories on personality? 4.Why is it important to learn about mental health?

Mental Health is your ability to accept yourself and others, to adapt and cope with emotions, and deal with the problems and challenges that you meet in life. Some signs of good mental and emotional health: You see yourself and life in general in positive ways You face life's challenges with confidence You can motivate yourself to achieve long-term goals You recognize and manage your feelings You focus on your strengths You can laugh at yourself You accept honest criticism and learn from your mistakes

Personality is the unique combination of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that make you different. Personality Trait examples: Are you… Shy or outgoing (Introvert) or extrovert, (Easygoing/carefree), or do you worry a lot? Are you hot tempered or laid back? Are you an optimist or someone who thinks positively or, are you a pessimist or someone who looks at the negative side of life? Assertive - Able to stand up for yourself in a non- threatening way. Passive - Giving into others or Aggressive (communicating your feelings in a forceful way) Tolerant or judgmental.

HOW DOES PERSONALITY CONTRIBUTE TO MENTAL HEALTH? 1. Personality is a unique combination of traits that make you an individual. They include: behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and ways of thinking that are characteristics to you. 2. Describing personality might include using words like extrovert, introvert, optimist, pessimist, assertive, passive and aggressive. 3. People who study the human mind & behavior are called psychologists. 4. Mental health is the state of being comfortable with yourself and others, and with your surroundings.

5.People who are mentally healthy are: a) Realistic about their strengths/weaknesses b) Able to take on responsibilities of daily living c) Caring toward themselves and others d) Able to handle disappointments and learn from them e) Able to feel enjoyment & a sense of achievement HOW DOES PERSONALITY CONTRIBUTE TO MENTAL HEALTH?? Continued

How Does Personality Contribute to Mental Health? (continued) 6. Psychologists like to think of mental health as being on a continiuum: l__________________________________________________l UNHEALTHY HEALTHY 7. Mentally healthy people tend to be friendly, optimistic, and loving. They are assertive, and also are able to laugh at themselves. They tend to try new experiences and strive to do the best they can. In doing this, a person will get closer to achieving homeostasis. Homeostasis means you body is striving to stay in balance at all times.

HOW IS PERSONALITY FORMED?? Some appear to be inborn. They are acquired by heredity, passing from parent to offspring, much like hair color and eye color. Other personality traits are shaped by a person's physical and social environment or surroundings. Experiences during childhood strongly influence the development of a healthy personality. As children, we all learn about copying or modeling the behavior of those around us. Modeling most likely will come from our parents or guardians, siblings, and finally, as we age, our peer groups.

Take a minute to consider this……. What types of behaviors are your peers, family members, and other role models modeling for you? What types of behaviors are YOU modeling for your siblings or friends?

PERSONALITY THEORIES: WHAT IS A THEORY? A theory is an organized set of ideas used to explain something. The three accepted theories of personality come from the following people: 1. Sigmund Freud 2. Erik Erickson 3. Abraham Maslow

SIGMUND FREUD Freud was an Austrian physician in the late 1800's who spent a lot of his free time working with the mentally ill. He concluded that each individual's personality is made up of three parts: The ID which consists of the biological urges such as hunger and thirst The EGO which is the thoughtful, decision making part of personality The SUPEREGO that part of the personality that judges right from wrong, or what you might call your conscience. Freud believed people's minds operated on two levels of thought: the conscious, or that which you are aware of, and the unconscious thoughts which are those which the person is not aware. An example would be a forgotten childhood event.

ERIK ERICKSON - PERSONALITY THEORY Developed the eight stages of personality theory. In this theory, Erickson believes: 1. Our personality continues to form throughout our lives and that 2. People develop socially and psychologically until their death 3. Each stage or phase of Erickson's theory has a task that must be met or accomplished in a satisfactory way which reflects positively on the personality.

Erik Erickson's Eight Stages 1. Oral - Sensory: Birth up to 18 months. The infant must form a first loving, trusting relationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust. 2. Muscular - Anal - 18 months to 3 years Toilet training. The child's energies are directed toward the develop- ment of physical skills including walking, grasping, and rectal sphincter control. The child learns control but may develop shame or doubt if not handled well. 3. Loco-motor - 3 to 6 years Independence. The child continues to become more assertive and to take more initiative, but may be too forceful, leading to guilt feelings 4. Latency - 6 to 12 years School. The child must deal with demands to learn new skills or risk a sense of inferiority failure and incompetence.

Erik Erickson's Eight Stages of Personality - Continued 5. Adolescence - 12 to 18 years Peer relationships. The teenager must achieve a sense of identity in coordination, sex roles, politics, and religion. 6. Young Adulthood - 19 to 40 years Love relationships. The young adult must develop intimate relationships or suffer feelings of isolation. 7. Middle Adulthood - 40 to 65 years Parenting. Each adult must find some way to satisfy and support the next generation. 8. Maturity - 65 to death. Reflection on and acceptance of one's life. The culmination is a sense of oneself as one is, and of feeling fulfilled.

ABRAHAM MASLOW'S PERSONALITY THEORY Psychologist Theorized everyone has a basic drive to achieve his or her highest potential. He found through research that a very few people ever achieve their full potential. Maslow developed a theory as to why this is so. Maslow believed before a person could achieve self-actualization (their full potential) their basic needs have to be met. Maslow put these needs in ascending order and called them the hierarchy of needs. At the base is what Maslow considers to be a person's most urgent needs. If these needs are not met, a person has little or no energy to pursue higher needs.

Maslow believed Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Ghandi, and Martin Luther King has all achieved self-actualization during their lifetime. Abraham Maslow

MASLOW'S Hierarchy of Needs 1. Base - Physiological Needs 2. Safety Needs 3. Love/Belongingness 4. Self-Esteem Needs 5. Aesthetic and Cognitive Needs 6. Self Actualization

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Chart