1. Personality, Self-Esteem, and Emotions
Chapter 2
Personality, Self-Esteem, and Emotions

2. Section 1: Personality

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS SEC 1 Vocabulary page 30
Rate your personality on page 30
Identify a person known or unknown based upon 10 personality traits.
Of the 5 personality traits which two best describes you?
Chapter 2.1 slotted notes
Make a list of your strengths and weaknesses. Things your good at and things you need to be better at. Give 2 examples of each.
List a short term goal and a long term goal that you have.
Write down a compliment you have recieved that made you feel good.
Write down a time you did something nice for someone other than a friend or family member.
Write down one thing you like about your physical appearance and one thing you don't like about your appearance.

4. Describing Personality
Many researchers use 5 central traits to describe how people behave, relate to others, and react to change. These traits are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experiences.

5. Describing Personality (cont.)
Extroversion
Describes how much you like being with other people.
Agreeableness
Describes your tendency to relate to other people in a friendly way.
Conscientiousness
Describes how responsible and self-disciplined you are.

6. Describing Personality (cont.)
Emotional Stability
Describes someone who tends to be relaxed, secure, and calm, even during difficult situations.
Openness to Experiences
Describes someone who is open to new experiences. Tends to be curious, imaginative, and creative.

7. How Personality Forms
Personality traits are influenced by a combination of heredity and environment.
Heredity
Infants are born with distinct tendencies to act in certain ways.
For example, there is evidence that traits such as cheerfulness and shyness are inherited.

8. How Personality Forms (cont.)
Environment
Family
Children learn about feelings, attitudes, and appropriate ways to behave from their families.
Friends
These friends, who are about the same age share similar interests, are called peer groups.
Culture
Personality traits that are valued in one culture may not be valued in another.

9. Stages of Personality Development
According to the psychologist Erik Erikson, personality develops throughout life as people meet a series of challenges.
Erikson divided life into the eight stages found on pages 34 & 35.

10. Stages of Personality Development (cont.)
Develop Trust
Learn to Be Independent
Take Initiative
Develop Skills
Search for Identity
Establish Intimacy
Create and Nurture
Look Back With Acceptance

11. Section 2: Self-Esteem

12. TABLE OF CONTENTS SEC 2.2 Vocabulary Guided notes
Name some everyday challenges you face.
Do you have high or low self-esteem? Howe does your self-esteem affect the way you behave?
Examine the chart on page 38 that shows self-esteem. What trends do you see in the data for both males and females? Why does self- esteem tend to drop during elementary school?
Based upon your strengths and weaknesses you will identify a plan of action for your goal. The plan should contain the specific steps to achieve your goal.

13. Self-Esteem and Your Health
Many psychologists think that high self-esteem has a positive effect on health, while low self-esteem has a negative effect on health.
Benefits of High Self-Esteem
Example: People with high-self esteem accept themselves for who they are.
What other benefits are there to having a high self- esteem?

14. Self-Esteem and Your Health (cont.)
Risks of Low Self-Esteem
Example: People with low self-esteem judge themselves harshly and worry too much about what others think of them.
What other risks are there to having a low self- esteem?
Do you have high or low self-esteem? How does it affect the way you behave?

15. How Self-Esteem Develops
On average, self-esteem drops in early adolescence, increases gradually during adulthood, and decreases again toward the end of life.
Activity: Group discussion on self-esteem level in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Thus far, what “trend” has appeared in your personal life? Is it increasing? Is it declining? Has it remained consistent?

16. Improving Your Self-Esteem
Don’t base your self-esteem solely on other people’s opinions of you. Focus on your accomplishments, your talents, and your contributions to your family and community.
Read the additional tips for boosting your self- esteem on page 39.

17. Achieving Your Potential
The process by which people achieve their full potential is called self-actualization.
According to Maslow, before people can achieve self-actualization, their basic needs must be met. These needs are physical needs, the need to feel safe, the need to belong, and the need for esteem.

18. TABLE OF CONTENTS SEC 2.2
6. Draw Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need pyramid. Label each category Give brief description Give an example for each of the 5 categories 7. Key Ideas page 41 Q3 8. Critical Thinking page 41 Q5 9. Health at School page 41

19. Section 3: Expressing Your Emotions

20. TABLE OF CONTENTS SEC 2.3

21. Primary vs Learned Emotions
What are primary emotions?
Happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are examples of primary emotions.
What are learned emotions?
Love, guilt, and shame are examples of learned emotions.

22. Recognizing Your Emotions
Recognizing your emotions is the important first step toward dealing with them in healthful ways.
By pausing to reflect on your feelings, you will learn a lot about yourself and your emotions.
Which is more difficult to do, name the emotion you’re feeling or pinpoint its source? Why?

23. Coping With Your Emotions
Coping strategies are helpful when they improve a situation or allow a person to handle a situation in a better way. Coping strategies are harmful when they make a situation worse or a person is less able to handle a situation.

24. Coping With Your Emotions (cont.)
Defense Mechanisms
What are defense mechanisms?
Take a look at page 49. There is a list of the most commonly used defense mechanisms.
Give an example of a time when you’ve used a defense mechanism.

25. Coping With Your Emotions (cont.)
Helpful Ways of Coping
Example: Talking through your feelings with someone you trust.
What are some helpful strategies that have worked for you?
Harmful Ways of Coping
Example: Using alcohol or other drugs.
If you find yourself using harmful coping strategies, it may be time to ask for help!

26. Complete Chapter 2 Review