First used by FDR in the “Declaration by United Nations” January 1, 1942, representatives from 26 nations pledged to continue fighting against Axis Powers States first established international organizations to cooperate on specific matters such as the International Telecommunication Union and the Universal Postal Union Both are now United Nations specialized agencies

The first conference was held in The Hague, Netherlands Purpose: to develop instruments and ideas for peacefully settling international crises, preventing wars, and discussing rules of warfare Adopted Convention of Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration

In 1945, 50 representatives met in San Francisco at the International Organization conference to draw up the United Nations Charter Deliberated proposals and eventually all 50 countries signed the charter on June 26, 1945, Poland signed later United Nations became official on October 24, 1945 when China, France, Soviet Union, UK and US ratified the charter Established a permanent headquarters in New York

Objective: to protect human rights and provide assistance when needed in inhumane circumstances The Universal Declaration of Human Rights acts as a guide for operations such as: Providing assistance in elections and training leaders to support human rights Gives drinking water, food, shelter and other services to nations affected by natural disasters, war, or a general scarcity of food

Today the UN has peace keeping forces supplied by the states to go to nations of war and conflict to encourage to draw away from fighting They do not enforce their own military Their development program is the largest grant assistance source in the world They rate countries and need of assistance based on their poverty, life expectancy and education

In order to secure peace and balance power the UN is separated into 5 groups: General Assembly: decisions are made, responsible for following policies, all members with one voted president, makes final decision on admission to new members UN Security Council: most powerful branch, employs UN member’s military leaders and, handles cease fire conflicts, enforce penalties, 5 permanent members and 10 rotating International Court of Justice: responsible for all judicial issues Economic and Social Council: promote general economic and social development, and keep cooperation of member states in check Secretariat: provides information and other data for meetings between other branches

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ANY QUESTIONS??? You will now be getting a crossword puzzle over all the information we covered There are 10 questions, each question is worth one point, total of ten points You will be given 10 minutes to work on them, then we will go over it as a class Hints: 1.If any answers are numbers, they are written out, not just the number (ex: one hundred instead of 100) 2.If any answers are more than two words, there are no spaces 3.One answer is a President’s initials