The Scientific Revolution How did science begin to change the way people thought? Galileo Copernicus Newton

The Scientific Revolution – Heliocentric Theory Prior to the 1500s, scholars decided what was true or false by either referring to an ancient Greek/Roman thinker or the Bible Starting in the 1500s scholars began to publish works that challenged these ancient thinkers and the church First major challenge is to Ptolemy & Aristotle’s Geocentric theory – the belief that Earth was in the center of the universe and everything revolved around the earth Earth Centered UniverseSun Centered Universe A man named Nicolaus Copernicus challenged that theory Copernicus believed in the Heliocentric theory – the Sun was in the center of the universe and everything revolved around the sun

Kepler & Galileo A brilliant mathematician named Johannes Kepler agreed with Copernicus Kepler argued the revolutions were oval orbits Galileo on trial In 1610, an Italian scientist named Galileo published a book called Starry Messenger - Galileo’s book supported heliocentric theory & challenged Aristotle’s idea that our moon & the stars were perfect The Catholic Church warned Galileo not to publish the book The Pope put Galileo on trial Under the threat of torture, Galileo had to read a confession saying that Copernicus’ theory was false Galileo lived under house arrest until his death in 1642

Newton continues the Revolution Scientists now wanted to be able to prove their theories instead of just listening to what the church told them The scientific method was born – This is a procedure for gathering and testing ideas – Next, a hypothesis is formed & tested to become a theory & then a law In the mid-1600s and English scientist named Sir Isaac Newton discovered & tested many new theories – Newton studied motion and came up with the Law of Gravity Later, there were new advances in medicine and the human body Including Robert Boyle’s work in the field of chemistry