1. The Scientific Revolution

2. Scientific Revolution – a change in the way of thinking about the physical universe began in the mid-1500s

3. Causes of the Scientific Revolution humanism – interest human experiences and worldly events individualism – the belief that all actions take place for the benefit of the individual, not of society as a whole cultural diffusion – the exchange of ideas between different societies

4. Protestant Reformation –weakened the Catholic Church –advocated people thinking for themselves

5. Scientific Thinkers Nicolaus Copernicus –wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres –introduced heliocentric model – the sun is the center of the universe and the planets revolve around it

6. Geocentric – everything revolves around the Earth Heliocentric – everything revolves around the sun Old way of thinking... New way of thinking...

7. Galileo Galilei –developed the first astronomical telescope –documented sun spots and mountains on the moon

8. Galileo’s discoveries caused many problems –scholars refused to believe him because his ideas contradicted ancient beliefs –the Catholic Church condemned him as a heretic for going against church doctrine Galileo was put on trial in 1633 and stated that the Earth was the center of the universe in order to avoid being executed he was put under house arrest for the rest of his life

9. Sir Isaac Newton –defined gravity – the force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun –wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophies –argued that nature followed uniform laws

13. Robert Boyle –distinguished between elements and chemical compounds –explained the effect of temperature and pressure on gasses

14. Andreas Vesalius –studied anatomy –wrote On the Structure of the Human Body

15. Sir Francis Bacon –stressed experiment and observation –used science to improve life –wrote his ideas in a collection of books, including New Atlantis

16. René Descartes –thought that human reasoning was the best path to understanding –wrote Discourse on Method included his famous phrase “I think, therefore I am”

18. Results of the Scientific Revolution new inventions and technologies

19. further weakening of the Catholic Church new belief in progress

20. Scientific Method scientific method - the process by which scientists try to construct an accurate representation of the world

21. Scientific Method