Opener: Define the following terms in your notebook: Abolitionist Underground Railroad When you are finished, read the section on page 402 entitled, “A Spirit of Revival”.

Today’s Objectives: Describe the formation and development of the abolitionist movement by considering the roles of key leaders: John Brown Harriet Tubman Sojourner Truth William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglas Describe the response of both northerners and southerners to the abolition movement.

What is… An Abolitionist? The Underground Railroad?

READ – OOOH Scary!! Read the last paragraph on page 405 of your text book. In your notes, explain why some northerners opposed abolition.

Read, again!?! – OOOH the HORROR! Read the last two paragraphs on page 406 of your book. In your notebook, explain the reasons why Southerners defended slavery.

Second Great Awakening Colonial belief was that souls are predestined – God decided the fate of persons soul. Salvation – people’s actions determined their soul’s final destination. “Doctrine of Free Will” fits well with political ideas of democracy and independence.

Roots of the Abolitionist Movement Prominent leaders opposed slavery – Alexander Hamilton & Benjamin Franklin Believed in the Declaration of Independence , “that all men are created equal”. 1780 Pennsylvania is first to outlaw slavery. By 1804, nearly every northern state had or pledged to end slavery. Northwest Ordinance of 1785 outlaws slavery in the new territories. 1804, Ohio enters as first state to ban slavery in its state constitution.

Radical Ideas 1817 – American Colonization Society sets forth a plan to “colonize” Liberia. Plan calls for blacks to gradually be sent to Africa. Abraham Lincoln later criticized for supporting this idea.

William Lloyd Garrison – p. 455 Quaker Strongly opposed to violence Favored full political rights for African Americans. 1831 launches “The Liberator” Became nation’s leading abolitionist newspaper. Cofounded the New England Anti-Slavery Society.

William Lloyd Garrison, Liberator, January 1831 “Let Southern oppressors tremble-let all the enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble…On this subject, I do not with to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm…but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD.”

William Lloyd Garrison, Liberator, January 1831 “Let Southern oppressors tremble-let all the enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble…On this subject, I do not with to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm…but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD.” In your notebook take a moment to respond: What is Garrison’s attitude toward slaveholders? How do you know that Garrison is taking a firm stand against slavery?

Frederick Douglass – p. 460 Born a slave Taught himself to read. Encouraged by Garrison and others to share his slave experiences. Risked being caught through public speaking. Published anti-slavery newspaper, “The North Star”.

Writing – 2 minutes What role did William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass play in the abolitionist movement?

The Underground Railroad – p. 456 Fugitive Slave Law – 1850 “Conductors” led slaves from one “station” to the next. Stations were usually homes but could be churches or caves. Supporters donated clothes, food and money for boat or train rides. Levi Coffin, Indiana Quaker, assisted over 3,000 fugitives.

Writing – 2 minutes Explain how the Underground Railroad got its name. Explain how the Underground Railroad worked.

The Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman Former slave Called the “Black Moses” Made 19 trips to the South and “never lost a passenger”. Slave owners put $40,000 bounty for her capture.

Writing – 1 minute What role did Harriet Tubman play in the abolitionist movement?

Sojourner Truth – p. 459 “Ain’t I a woman?” Advocate for women’s rights and racial equality. Born a slave Changed name to Sojourner Truth.

Opener Write the definitions to the following terms: Popular Sovereignty Arsenal Fugitive

John Brown

John Brown

John Brown Obsessed with ending slavery. Leads a “Holy War” Bases his hatred of slavery on the Old Testament – “eye for an eye” and fighting one’s oppressors. Early experiences have HUGE impact. Brown is more “Humanitarian” than abolitionist. Sees African Americans as TRUE equals.

Writing – 4 minutes How was John Brown’s approach different than the other abolitionists of his time? How did Brown’s actions at Harpers Ferry affect the South and their preparedness for war?

Notes: Slavery dies in the North due to influential leaders and laws restricting its spread. William Lloyd Garrison publishes anti-slavery newspaper, “The Liberator”. Frederick Douglass, a fugitive slave, speaks publicly and prints newspaper, “The North Star” to end slavery. Harriet Tubman escapes slavery to help others through the Underground Railroad. Sojourner Truth becomes an advocate for women’s rights and racial equality. John Brown attempts to end slavery through violent means and is captured and executed after attempting to secure weapons at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Most Northerners approve of abolition, but NOT equality. Northerners fear free blacks may take jobs by agreeing to work for lower wages. Northern business owners dislike abolitionists because they are dependent on cotton from the south.

Mastery Quiz Explain the role of William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass during the abolition movement. How were John Brown’s methods during the abolition movement different than others? (Explain others’ methods, too!) Give at least two reasons why many Northerners did not support abolition.