1. Abolition

2. I. Abolition – the movement to abolish (end) slavery
A. Early Abolitionists
Benjamin Franklin (late 1700s)
at first thought black race was inferior, then changed his mind
joined abolitionist society and educated freed slaves
John Quincy Adams (1820s-1840s)
introduced a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery (it was defeated)
defended a group of Africans who rebelled on the slave ship Amistad
they were allowed to return to Africa

3. B. Black Abolitionists Frederick Douglass Sojourner Truth former slave
wrote, published (The North Star), and lectured against slavery
Sojourner Truth
spoke publicly against slavery
first black woman to sue a white man and win (her son was sold illegally and she got him back)

4. C. White Abolitionists - 3 plans for emancipation (freeing slaves)
Slow Emancipation
buy slaves and send them to Africa (American Colonization Society in Liberia)

5. 3. Immediate Emancipation
2. Gradual Emancipation
use education and politics to change laws
Theodore Weld & Angelina Grimke
sent antislavery petitions to Congress
founded an interracial school
3. Immediate Emancipation
free all slaves at once because slavery is criminal and sinful
William L. Garrison
published The Liberator (abolitionist newspaper)

6. D. Reaction to Abolitionists
North: most whites were prejudiced against blacks
Northerners’ differing ideas:
no slavery in new territories
end slavery, but no equality
full equality
only 5 states in the North allowed blacks to vote
all kept them separate

7. South: despised abolitionists
outlawed abolitionist writing and speeches
Southern defenses of slavery:
necessary for economy (for cotton fields)
great civilizations of Greece & Rome had it
used Bible to justify it
slaves could not survive without white masters