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Americans Oppose Slavery (Quakers, William Lloyd Garrison, & Escaped & free slaves publically opposed slavery)
* Differences among Abolitionists
* Spreading the Abolitionist Message
* African American Abolitionists
2. The Underground Railroad (Organization that aided fugitive slaves with shelter & transportation)
3. Opposition to Ending Slavery (Some in North opposed ending slavery, Congress used gag rule to silence petitions, & white southerners saw slavery as vital to economy )

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Americans Oppose Slavery
Ben Franklin founded first Anti-slavery Society
A. Differences Among Abolitionists
Quakers were one of the 1st to challenge slavery on religious grounds
Some abolitionists wanted full social & political rights for blacks, while others wanted only limited rights
Some wanted to send free African Americans to start their own colony
B. Spreading the Abolitionist Message
Many abolitionists went on speaking tours, wrote poetry, or established newspapers
William Lloyd Garrison published The Liberator abolitionist newspaper
The Grimke sisters, two white southern women, were anti-slavery activists
C. African American Abolitionists
Frederick Douglass escaped slavery & became an outspoken abolitionist & published abolitionist newspaper The North Star
Sojourner Truth claimed God told her to travel & preach about the truth about slavery

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This is the cover of the Constitution for Ben Franklin’s Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery.
An example of an issue of Garrison’s “The Liberator” newspaper.
Liberia was the colony where approximately 12,000 slaves immigrated to in the early 1800’s.

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Frederick Douglass – escaped slave who taught himself to read and became a champion of the cause of abolition.
Sojourner Truth was a former slave who became a leading abolitionist .
Sarah & Angelina Grimke came from a slave owning family wrote anti-slavery literature & tried to recruit southern women to protest slavery .

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2. The Underground Railroad
By 1830’s a loose organization group had begun to help slaves escape slavery in the South
Despite the lack of real structure the railroad achieved dramatic results
The conductors led the fugitives by night to stationmasters, who fed them & gave them shelter & a chance to rest during the day
Harriet Tubman was one of the most famous conductors who returned to the south 19 times to lead her family & 300 other slaves to freedom

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3. Opposition to Ending Slavery
There were many white northerners who supported slavery, some disliked slavery but opposed equality for blacks
The House of Representatives used “gag rule” to silence petitions for abolition
Many white southerners saw slavery as vital to the southern economy & culture
After Nat Turners rebellion, it became dangerous to voice anti-slavery sentiments
Racism, fear, & economic dependence on slavery made emancipation almost impossible

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This is a drawing of the House of Representatives arguing over the “gag rule” which made the discussion of any provisions about slavery forbidden. This violated the 1st amendment right to petition the government.
Map of the southern economy that does not display cotton, however does show tobacco & rice.

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This is a map of the grounds at George Washington’s Plantation at Mt. Vernon on the banks of the Potomac River.
This map shows primarily where the slaves in the United States lived.