What are two land plant adaptations that meet the challenge of conserving moisture? What are two land plant adaptations that meet the challenge of conserving moisture? Describe an adaptation that helps plants reproduce in a land environment. Describe an adaptation that helps plants reproduce in a land environment. Describe two adaptations that help land plants acquire resources. Describe two adaptations that help land plants acquire resources. Explain why land plants need a vascular system and the rigid structure of lignin- reinforced cells. Explain why land plants need a vascular system and the rigid structure of lignin- reinforced cells.

Which group of plants is the first group of plants with lignin- hardened vascular tissue? Which group of plants is the first group of plants with lignin- hardened vascular tissue? Which group of plants is the latest group to appear in the history of plants? Which group of plants is the latest group to appear in the history of plants?

What are two land plant adaptations that meet the challenge of conserving moisture? What are two land plant adaptations that meet the challenge of conserving moisture? Bark Bark Cuticle Cuticle Describe an adaptation that helps plants reproduce in a land environment. Describe an adaptation that helps plants reproduce in a land environment. Seeds – prevent drying out. Seeds – prevent drying out.

Describe two adaptations that help land plants acquire resources. Describe two adaptations that help land plants acquire resources. Roots Roots Vascular Tissue Vascular Tissue Explain why land plants need a vascular system and the rigid structure of lignin- reinforced cells. Explain why land plants need a vascular system and the rigid structure of lignin- reinforced cells. Vascular system – distributes water Vascular system – distributes water Lignin – helps plants stand upright. Lignin – helps plants stand upright.

Origin of Plants Land plants came from Green Algae Land plants came from Green Algae A plant is a multicellular autotroph in which the embryo develops within the female parent. A plant is a multicellular autotroph in which the embryo develops within the female parent.plant

Challenges to Life on Land Resources Resources Algae - surrounding water Algae - surrounding water Plants - air and soil Plants - air and soil Roots Roots Anchor plant Anchor plant Absorb water and Minerals Absorb water and Minerals

Shoots – Support, photosynthesis Shoots – Support, photosynthesis Leaves Leaves Vascular tissue Vascular tissue Xylem - water Xylem - water Phloem – organic compounds Phloem – organic compounds Woody tissue (xylem) Woody tissue (xylem)

Do Now: Copy this Chart

Land Plants ProblemSolution(s) cuticle Not in water – can’t disperse No water to hold up plant Need to be anchored Need to obtain water Stomata

Maintaining Moisture Cuticle – waxy coating on the leaves – helps retain water. Cuticle – waxy coating on the leaves – helps retain water. Stomata - are microscopic pores in the leaf's surface. Stomata - are microscopic pores in the leaf's surface.

Spores and Seeds Spore Spore Haploid Haploid Light weight Light weight Seed Seed Seed coat Seed coat Endosperm (nourishment) Endosperm (nourishment)

Alternation of Generations

Sporophyte (spore producing) diploid stage and a gametophyte haploid stage. Sporophyte (spore producing) diploid stage and a gametophyte haploid stage. Nonvascular plants- Nonvascular plants- Gametophyte is dominant Gametophyte is dominant Vascular plants Vascular plants Sporophyte is dominant Sporophyte is dominant

Bryophytes, Pterophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms Structure Structure Example Example Reproduction Reproduction Vascular or Nonvascular? Vascular or Nonvascular? Seeds or Seedless? Seeds or Seedless?

Bryophytes Nonvascular Nonvascular Lack True leaves and roots Lack True leaves and roots Have “roots” called rhizoids Have “roots” called rhizoids Need water to reproduce Need water to reproduce

Pterphyta (Ferns) Vascular plant (tracheophytes) Vascular plant (tracheophytes) Seedless (produce spores) Seedless (produce spores) Need water to reproduce Need water to reproduce Lignin Lignin Fiddleheads Fronds

Seed Plants Greater success Greater success Germinate in the right conditions (embryo grows into a seedling) Germinate in the right conditions (embryo grows into a seedling)

Gymnosperms Vascular Vascular Seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary (in a cone). Seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary (in a cone). Phylum Coniferophyta – most common gymnosperms. Phylum Coniferophyta – most common gymnosperms.

Gymnosperms Adaptations: Adaptations: Small gametophyte (haploid) generation Small gametophyte (haploid) generation Pollen Pollen Seed – (embryo + food) Seed – (embryo + food)

Picture 1: Why does the celery turn red? Picture 2: What are the red dots on the celery?

Angiosperms Flowering plants Flowering plants Eggs/Seeds enclosed by an ovary Eggs/Seeds enclosed by an ovary

Moncot vs. Dicot Embryo Moncots - 1 cotyledon Dicots – 2 cotyledons

Moncot vs. Dicot Leaves Monocots – parallel veins Monocots – parallel veins Dicots – net venation Dicots – net venation

Moncot vs. Dicot Stems Monocot- scattered vascular bundles Monocot- scattered vascular bundles Dicot- Radially arranged Dicot- Radially arranged

Grass

Sunflower

Magnolia

Corn

Day Lily