Perspectives in Psychology (2 pre-, 6 contemporary)

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Presentation transcript:

Perspectives in Psychology (2 pre-, 6 contemporary)

Structuralism identify the components (structure) of the mind the way to learn about the brain and its functions was to break the mind down into its most basic elements the whole is equal to the sum of the parts Wilhelm Wundt: first psychological laboratory in 1879 Introspection: having a person "look inward", focus on, and try to understand the emotion or thought they are experiencing at that moment

Functionalism Interested in the role mental processes play in behavior William James Not a formalized set of ideas (not a perspective) Debate about whether this is even a perspective (isn’t one of the six)

1. Biological (biopsychology) perspective studies the physical basis for animal and human behavior studies the immune system, nervous system and genetics has grown as the technology used to study the brain and nervous system has advanced Charles Darwin: first to see this Rosenzweig, Sperry (other psychologists)

2. Behaviorist perspective Learning: change in behavior from experience. external change that we can observe; mental processes not included Organisms are born as blank slates; not born to behave in certain ways. Each organism has different experience with environment  each has different set of behaviors Stimulus/response relationship Pavlov, Watson, Skinner: psychologists Reflexes: innate & conditioned

3. Psychodynamic perspective Sigmund Freud Focused on how childhood events & unconscious mind affect behavior Little or no free will Developed psychoanalysis

4. Sociocultural perspective Vygotsky: stressed the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition community plays a central role in the process of learning Learning is life-long; language is key Zone of Proximal Development: social learning leads to cognitive development

5. Humanistic Psychology perspective Human nature is viewed as basically good focus on methods that allow fulfillment of potential Work on the “whole person” Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs Rogers: self-concept, self-actualization, client centered therapy, unconditional positive regard

6. Cognitive perspective Cognition  thinking Cognitive process: how you think/learn, remember, process Intelligence testing, mnemonic devices, perception (Gestalt) Piaget, Chomsky