1 Getting & Using Nutrients Chapter 6

2 Carbohydrates: Your Main Energy Source Simple Sugars Made from 1 or 2 sugar units Complex Starches Made up of many sugars, attached together

3 Digestion Your body breaks down starches into single sugars, that are taken into your blood to make energy Skipping a meal or limiting carbs, you body may run short on energy If you eat more than you need you get more calories than you need

4 Food Sources of Carbs Sugars are a natural part of some foods Fruit and milk contain sugar Candy are high in added sugars and no other nutrients

5 Good Sources of Complex Carbs Grain products –Breads, rice, and pasta Vegetables such as squash, potatoes, corn Dry beans, peas, lentils

6 Dietary Fiber High in complex carbs = high fiber Dietary fiber = plant material that can’t be digested Helps your digestive tract work properly May help protect from heart disease and cancer

7 Fats: Essential to Your Health Fat is both a food and a nutrient Gives meals flavor and texture As a nutrient, it supplies energy and other important roles Fat promotes healthy skin and normal growth Partner with certain vitamins, carrying them to where you need them Fat stored in your body acts as a cushion to protect vital organs such as heart and liver

8 Food Sources of Fat Naturally present in meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, nuts Vegetable oil is a liquid form of fat Butter, margarine, cream, mayo is almost all fat These are in gravies, dressing, cakes, cookies, ice cream

9 Fats Saturated= are hard at room temperature Butter, stick margarine, fats in meat, poultry, and dairy products Unsaturated = are liquid at room temperature Vegetable oils, nuts, olives, avocados

10 Cholesterol Is a waxy substance that is part of every cell of your body Our bodies produce all the cholesterol it needs We also get more from our eating plan Found in animal sources: Meat, poultry, fish, egg yolks, dairy products Plant sources have no cholesterol

11 High levels of cholesterol in your blood increases your risk of heart problems Too much fat, (saturated) increases cholesterol more Go easy on high fat foods

12 Proteins; Your body’s Building Blocks Help your body grow, repair itself, and fight disease Use protein to provide energy if needed Amino acids = the many small units that make up protein Your body arranges amino acids to make different proteins it needs

13 Our body makes some amino acids Essential amino acids = what the body can’t make, you must eat them

14 Food Sources of Protein From both animal and plant sources Animal = meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy All are essential amino acids (complete protein) Plant sources include dry beans, peas and nuts Lack one or more essential amino acid (incomplete protein) Eat a variety to get complete

15 Most people get plenty of protein in normal eating plan Extra protein won’t build bigger muscles ==only physical activity does that

16 Vital Vitamins Vitamins needed in only small amounts Pack a powerful punch Don’t provide energy or build body tissue Help regulate these processes as well as others Help other nutrients do their jobs See chart on pages 94 & 95

17 Vitamins A, C and E have special roles Act as antioxidants (help to protect your body from cell damage that can lead to health problems Eat plenty of fruit, veggies, whole grain breads & cereal, nuts

18 See page 94 & 95 Water soluble vitamins Vitamins C & B Dissolve in water Not stored in body Need to eat them regularly Gets rid of excess in urine Taking large amounts as supplements can cause your kidneys to work too hard to remove excess Fat soluble vitamins Vitamins A, D, E, and K Stored in your body fat & in your liver When you need them your body pulls them out Excess amounts can build up to harmful levels in your body

19 Mighty Minerals Promote good health Regulate body processes Others become part of your bones, teeth and blood Need to pay special attention to calcium and iron in the teen years See page 97

20 Healthy Bones Grow with the help of calcium, phosphorous and magnesium Highest need in teen years Although we build and maintain lifelong If you don’t get enough, your body withdraws what it needs from your bones Osteoporosis –condition in which bones become porous and can break easily

21 Healthy Blood Iron helps red blood cells carry oxygen to all your cells Without iron, your blood can’t carry all the O2 your body cells need to make energy anemia- lack of iron in body Makes you feel tired and week Women need more iron due to menstruation (especially teens)

22 Water is a Nutrient, Too! Vital nutrient Need a regular supply Help body perform life supporting activities Live many days without food Live without water only a few days Carries nutrients, eliminates wastes, helps regulate body temperature

23 Sources of Water Each day you lose 2 – 3 quarts of water Replace it by drinking 8 cups of fluid Choose plain water, fruit juices, milk, soups Caffeine products (coffee, tea, some sodas) not the best sources Caffeine make you lose water Many foods supply water ( fruits, veggies, bread and some meat)

24 Dietary Supplements Most get all the nutrients they need by eating a variety of nutritious foods Dietary supplement – provides extra nutrients in the form of pills, capsules, liquid, powder May contain vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, herbs Sometimes they are necessary

25 Doctor may recommend them for elderly, pregnant, nursing women, people on certain medications, recovering from illnesses Special diets or very low calorie diets

26 Summary Carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water each have specific functions to perform in your body Each nutrient is supplied by many different foods, including some that are especially good sources

27 Dietary supplements, used appropriately, can provide extra nutrients for people in special circumstances